Inter-Polymer Substitution

ABS is not expected to displace many other types of plastics in automotive applications in future. There is however a possibility that PC/ABS blends may be one of die candidates being considered by OEMs to replace st5Tene-maleic anhydride copolymer (SMA) in some interior applications. Manufacturers are known to be looking for alternatives to SMA copolymer. 

There is a stronger possibility of ABS being challenged by other plastics such as pol q)ropylene. Future trends within the car interior are likely to see the increasing development of one-material 

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The key trend influencing PPS growth in E E applications is inter-polymer substitution. 

However, the solubility problem is often encountered in the polymer-CDDP conjugates at a high substitution ratio due to the increased cohesive force as well as inter-polymer cross-Knking formation Then, we expected that such a solubility problem could advantageously turn into a driving force of block copolymer micelles. Indeed, the Kgand substitution reaction between CDDP and PEG-PAsp block copolymer in aqueous media led to the spontaneous formation of polymeric micelles (PEG-PAsp(CDDP) micelles) having a diameter of approximately 20 nm with a considerably narrow distribution (Fig. 4)... 

A new convenient polymer modification for synthesis of silanol-containing polymer was developed by the selective oxidation of the Si—H bond with a dimethyldioxirane solution in acetone. The oxyfunctionalization of the silane precursor polymers can be utilized to synthesize a wide variety of silanol-containing polymers. Control over the properties of these silanol polymers, such as stability and self-association of silanols, was realized through the placement of different substitute groups bonded directly to the silicon atom. The miscibility in either polymer blends or polymeric hybrids was achieved by the formation of strong inter-polymer hydrogen bonds between the... 

The future of plasticizers and plasticized PVC is tied very closely to the future of phthalates. The top performing and lowest cost plasticizers are the GP phthalate esters, and of all the thousands of nonphthalate ideas proposed, no products to date have been developed that equal the attributes offered with phthalates. As formulations change to nonphthalate systems, the flexible PVC products obtained with those alternatives will not perform as well and will often be more expensive. Thus with poorer performing, more expensive plasticized flexible PVC materials, the opportunities for inter-material substitution to replace these products with other flexible polymer systems will increase. 

Co-free PAE). In PAE-CoCpl, the fluorescence quantum yield is only 18% of that observed for Co-free PAE, even though the quencher substitutes less than 0.1% of the aryleneethynylene units. The fluorescence in solution disappeared in PAE-CoCp4, where every fifth unit is a cyclobutadiene complex. The mechanism by which this quenching occurs is via the cobalt-centered MLCT states [82,83], conferred onto the polymer by the presence of cyclobutadiene complexes. Even in the solid state the polymers PAE-CoCpl-2 are nonemissive. It was therefore shown that incorporation of CpCo-stabilized cyclobutadiene complexes into PPEs even in small amounts leads to an efficient quenching of fluorescence in solution and in the solid state. Quenching occurs by inter- and intramolecular energy transfer [84]. 

Our original approach to polysaccharide C-13 n.m.r. spectral analysis consisted of making a minimum number of hypotheses about expected structure-to-spectra relationships (8). By then comparing spectra to known structure for a series of D-glucans, we attempted to establish the validity of these hypotheses and to establish how diverse a structural difference could be accommodated The hypotheses were as follows. Firstly, that each polymer could be considered as an assembly of independent saccharide monomers. Secondly, that these hypothetical saccharide monomers would be 0 alkylated (0 -methylated) in the same positions as the actual saccharide linked residues (it had previously been established that 0-methylation of any a-D-glucopyranosyl carbon atom position resulted in a down-field displacement of vlO p.p.m. for the associated resonance). Thirdly, that each differently substituted residue would have a completely different set of chemical shift values for each carbon atom position (different from the unsubstituted saccharide) but that only the carbon atom positions involved in inter-saccharide linkages would have A6 greater that 1 p.p.m. And, fourthly, that the hypothetical 0-alkylated residues would contribute resonances to the total spectrum proportional to their mole ratio in the polymers. 

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