Intensive fields

Chu S I 1991 Complex quasivibrational energy formalism for intense-field multiphoton and above-threshold dissociation—complex-scaling Fourier-grid Hamiltonian method J. Chem. Phys. 94 7901... 

A large electric potential applied to a needle provides a very intense field at its tip, where the radius of curvature is small. 

A molecule (M) lying on one of these tips experiences the elfects of the intense field such that its own electric fields are distorted and the normal barrier to movement of electrons away from or onto the molecule becomes smaller. 

Each of the vertical arrows in Fig. 1 represents the process of plunging one or more ions from a vacuum into a certain solvent. We want to know in detail what takes place in this process. For each ion in the final state a little portion of solvent is subject to the intense field of the ionic charge and is slightly modified. Thus each ion determines to some extent the character of its own environment in the solvent. In com-... 

Consider an ionic crystal in which the anion is a molecular ion. The orientation of this anion in the crystal is completely determined, or determined to a large extent, by the crystal structure and furthermore, its freedom of libration is severely limited by the intense fields of the adjacent ions. When this ion goes into solution, it will have a greater number of possible orientations, and its freedom of libration will be greater. Hence the AS0 for a molecular anion will contain a considerable increment in entropy over and above the cratic term (which is all that we subtract in the case of an atomic ion). This additional increment in entropy is likely to be somewhat different for different species of anion. The best we can do at present is to subtract an amount that is of the right order of magnitude. The question is whether we can, by sub-... 

The result is an intense field of sonic energy focused between the nozzle body and... 

The results show that the dynamics of the reaction zone in a turbulent flame can be traced by the evolution of the volatiles oxidation intensity field. Ignited in the ball-shaped volume, the turbulent flame expands as a relatively wide spherical layer containing strong nonuniformities of the reaction rate. Similar nonuniformities were also detected in the experiments by means of direct optical registration of the flame-ball dynamics [10]. Thus, the numerical results qualitatively reflect the influence of dust concentration nonuniformities that existed... 

Although noted by both Nolte <1995TCC25> and Rebek <1995S1485> that these systems are ideal scaffolds for the preparation of molecular receptors, it is only in recent years that interest in these systems has increased and a number of significant advances have been made in what is now an intense field of research. In particular, Nolte noted that glycoluril possesses many desirable characteristics for elaboration into a molecular receptor including ... 

Of course our theory is significant only in the limit k-> 0. If k is not sufficiently small, the pseudo-eigenvalues etc. are no more well-defined quantities. This corresponds to the broadening of spectral lines for intense field. 

One other area of interest in photon-assisted collisions concerns intense fields [9, 427], which are not well understood [26]. 

In general, we want to determine how an intensive field variable changes with time at a fixed point in space. The expansion above for di) is valid for any direction x however, we are especially interested in the particular direction that corresponds to the fluid-flow direction, which is in the direction of the local velocity vector V. Thus, when we write... 

Table 3.2 summarizes the intensive field Rh extensive quantity Xh and work element dwi = Rt dXt for the various work types that have been considered. 

From the fundamental equation, we derive the equations of state for the intensive fields Rt as the successive partial derivatives... 

The size and shape of cells, as shown in Table 5.7, can be used as the basis of methods to separate cells from a liquid medium. Cells are only slightly denser than water and separation from liquids by centrifugation requires the use of intense fields. The shape of cells is important because of its effect on the rheology of the... 

S.-I. Chu, WP. Reinhardt, Intense field multiphoton ionization via complex dressed states Application to the H atom, Phys. Rev. Lett. 39 (19) (1977) 1195. 

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