Insulin Chloroquine

BUPROPION 1. ANTIBIOTICS - fluoroquinolones 2. ANTICANCER AND IMMUNO-MODULATING DRUGS-corticosteroids, interferons 3. ANTIDEPRESSANTS-TCAs 4. ANTIMALARIALS - chloroquine, mefloquine 5. ANTIPSYCHOTICS 6. BRONCHODILATORS -theophylline 7. CNS STIMULANTS 8. PARASYMPATHOMIMETICS T risk of seizures. This risk is marked in elderly people, in patients with a history of seizures, with addiction to opiates/cocaine/ stimulants, and in diabetics treated with oral hypoglycaemics or insulin Bupropion is associated with a dose-related risk of seizures. These drugs, which lower seizure threshold, are individually epileptogenic. Additive effects occur when combined Extreme caution. The dose of bupropion should not exceed 4S0 mg/day (or 150 mg/day in patients with severe hepatic cirrhosis)... 

T-helper cell See T-lymphocyte. therapeutics The branch of medicine that is concerned with the methods of treatment of disease, especially through the use of drugs. Intervention may be curative (e.g. use of antibiotics against infections), suppresive (e.g. use of insulin to maintain diabetics) or prophyiactic (e.g. chloroquine in prevention of malaria). 

R. H. (1993) 5-Compartment model of insulin kinetics and its use to investigate action of chloroquine in niddm. American Journal of Physiology, 265, E162-E175. 

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease and high titers of auto-antibodies against both insulin and sulfatide were found in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes (Andersson et ah, 2002 Buschard et al., 2005). Sulfatide and insulin are present in the same cellular compartments and share the same intracellular trafficking pathways (Buschard et ah, 2005 Fredman et ah, 2000). The inhibition of sulfatide synthesis with chloroquine and fumo-nisine B1 leads to inhibition of insulin granule formation in vivo (Fredman et al.,... 

Hydroxychloroquine may reduce insulin requirements by about 25%, and a case of hypoglycaemia has been reported. Similarly, hypoglycaemia has occurred in a patient taking chloroquine and insulin. Reduced glucose levels or hypoglycaemia have been reported with mefloquine, quinidine, quinine, and sulfadoxine-py-rimethamine. Note that falciparum malaria per se can result in severe hypoglycaemia, and quinine in particular may contribute to this. 

Chloroquine. A case report describes a patient with type 1 diabetes who had developed insulin resistance and was maintained on intravenous insulin, who showed a dramatic return of sensitivity to subcutaneous insulin,... 

An isolated report describes life-threatening hypoglycaemia in a 3-year-old boy, with uncomplicated malaria, 90 minutes after he took sulfadox-ine-pyrimethaniine (Fansidar). Mefloquine has been reported to reduce plasma glucose levels in healthy subjects. Artemisinin derivatives such as artemether may be associated with fewer episodes of hypoglycaemia than quinine in children with severe malaria. Chloroquine, amo-diaquine and halofantrine do not apparently stimulate the release of insulin. ... 

Sm ith GD, Airios TAS, Mahler R, Peters TJ. Effect of chloroquine on insi and glucose ho-moeostasis in normal subjects and patients widi non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 

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