Insulation refrigeration

Tne prevention of a change of state of the sample may require insulation, refrigeration, or heating of the sample line. 

Control Systems Heat and Heating Heat Pumps Insulation Refrigerators and Freezers Water Heating. 

Although resistance to heat transfer goes up as the thickness of pipe insulation is increased, the external surface also increases a thickness may be reached at which the heat transfer becomes a minimum and then becomes larger. In accordance with this kind of behavior, heat pickup by insulated refrigerated lines of small diameters can be greater than that of bare lines. In another instance, electrical transmission lines often are lagged to increase the rate of heat loss. An example worked out by Kreith (Principles of Heat Transfer, Intext, New York, 1973, p. 44) reveals that an insulated 0.5 in. OD cable has a 45% greater heat loss than a bare one. 

Facilities for handling liquid ammonia from points of production to points of use are highly developed in the United States. A considerable amount of ammonia is moved hundreds of miles through interstate pipelines. Major pipelines run from points of production in Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana oil fields all the way to the intensively farmed mid-western area of the United States. Storage at the points of production and at large terminals sometimes is in pressurized vessels (spheres), but more often it is at atmospheric pressure in large, insulated, refrigerated vessels. 

Freon F 12 Foam insulation, refrigerators, degreasing of components... 

The main field of polyurethane application is the furniture industry, around 30% of the total polyurethanes produced worldwide is used for the production of mattresses from flexible slabstock foams. Automotive manufacture is the second important application for flexible and semiflexible polyurethanes (seat cushioning, bumpers, sound insulation, and so forth). Rigid polyurethane foams are used in thermal insulation of buildings and refrigerators, cold stores, pipe insulation, refrigerated transport, thermal insulation in chemical and food industries. The polyurethane elastomers are used for shoe soles,... 

Capacity, ft Temperature, Building Insulation Refrigeration equipment... 

Cold Insulation. Refrigeration cannot be efficient without insulation of the fittings, valves, and flanges, as well as the straight piping. Fitting... 

Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits very toxic fumes of F and CF Uses Blowing agent for rigid board, foam system insulation refrigerant in specialized solvent applies. 

---