Insulating character

As the sample was warmed past the melting point of the film (165 K), clear Al(2p) XPS features could be identified in the spectrum consistent with the sublimation of the THF film. Furthermore, the binding energies of the C(ls) and O(ls) peaks shifted uniformly by ca. 0.6 eV toward lower values, an effect attributed by the investigators to the charging of the rather insulating character of the thick THF film, which disappears as the material evaporates. Also noted was a decrease in the C/O integrated peak areas from 4.2, as predicted from the chemical formula of THF, to 3.3, which remained constant up to 470 K. Despite the... 

The most remarkable property, worthy of mention here, is that an enormous gain of conductivity is realized in such mixtures in comparison with the insulating character of the two individual components. This implies a significant charge mobility in addition to the strong charge-transfer ef-... 

For metals r is so short that it is hardly measurable (e.g. for copper r is of the order of 10 18 s), but for common, insulating polymers, e.g. polyethylene, which have particularly high resistivities, it can be very long. In other words, polymers may retain charges for very long periods, sometimes for several years, and this presents an important aspect of their insulating character. 

Breakdown of a semiconductor electrode occurs when the limiting current at reverse bias sharply increases with increasing potential. At breakdown the electrode loses its insulating character and becomes conductive. Two types of breakdown may occur in a semiconductor at high field Zener breakdown and avalanche breakdovra." " ... 

The larger the value of k /Xs at a BCP, the softer or fuzzier a bond is. This idea of bond softness is related to metallic character, so the softer a bond the more metallic it is. Though none of the interactions in this study are metallic, (ice VI shows evidence of semi-metallic character), it is useful to be able to observe the comparative insulating character of the different interactions in this study. We can define ... 

Nevertheless, except in these extreme cases (very slow ions and grazing incidence geometry) in which the ion does not get close enough to the surface, it can be considered a weak perturbation, no effect related to the insulator character of the target could be observed. In other words, the same free electron gas model that is used to obtain the stopping power of slow ions in metals showed to be applicable in the case of insulators [65,66]. 

Accumulation of electrical charges on textiles, plastics, and other materials of insulating character causes problems which occur with greater frequency as the relative humidity decreases, particulady during winter months. Heated rooms in winter provide an environment in which static phenomena are frequendy apparent. 

Improved concepts of insulations have been developed for future large-size LH2 storage tanks, e.g. a spherical tank with inner / outer diameters of 36 m and 40 m, respectively, which means a volume of about 24,400 m or six times the NASA tank volume. The characteristic feature of the new insulation design is the partition of the interspace volume of approx. 9000 m into many (some 10 ) small insulation boxes which can be arranged as a combination of vacuum and foam layers on the inner tank wall. The insulation character is maintained even if a single box has lost its vacuum. Target boiloff is 0.1 % per day. Experimental and theoretical investigations have been conducted for... 

The Raman spectra are shown in Figure 14.7. The perfect insulating character of the material is confirmed by the absence of peak at 1330 cm , whatever the polarization potential is. The main feature in almost all of the potential range is the iinine peak. A certain spectral structure change appears nevertheless at 300 mV After this potential, only the features corre-... 

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