Instantaneous Setting

Transient motion of a flat plate. One of these problems (known as Stokes first problem) describes the flow near an infinite flat plate instantaneously set in motion at a velocity Uq in the plate plane. In this case, the initial and boundary conditions for Eq. (1.9.1) are written as follows ... 

The range of the descriptors covered by the compounds included in the model instantaneously sets the limits for predictive applications of the QSAR, because there is no certainty that the relationship holds beyond this domain. With log P -dependent models, for example, it is frequently found that they are linear between log 0 and log 5, but reveal curvature outside this range. Accordingly, predictions based on improper extrapolations outside the linear domain covered by the QSAR may be wrong by several orders of magnitude. 

Fig. 6. Lattice parameter distribution (primitive unit cdL disregarding the instantaneous setting angle, example simulation at 234 K, averaged over the time range from 5 to 10 ps)...

Thus, ideal (instantaneous) set-point tracking would occur. 

In a beam of ions separated in time according to m/z value, the total time taken for ions of different m/z values to arrive at a microchannel plate is so short (about 30 psec) that the spectrum appears to have been obtained instantaneously. Thus, for practical purposes, the array and microchannel plate collectors produce an instantaneous mass spectrum, even though the first detects a spatially dispersed set of m/z values and the second detects a temporally dispersed set. 

The elongation of a stretched fiber is best described as a combination of instantaneous extension and a time-dependent extension or creep. This viscoelastic behavior is common to many textile fibers, including acetate. Conversely, recovery of viscoelastic fibers is typically described as a combination of immediate elastic recovery, delayed recovery, and permanent set or secondary creep. The permanent set is the residual extension that is not recoverable. These three components of recovery for acetate are given in Table 1 (4). The elastic recovery of acetate fibers alone and in blends has also been reported (5). In textile processing strains of more than 10% are avoided in order to produce a fabric of acceptable dimensional or shape stabiUty. 

Monitoring by Electromechanical Instrumentation. According to basic engineering principles, no process can be conducted safely and effectively unless instantaneous information is available about its conditions. AH sterilizers are equipped with gauges, sensors (qv), and timers for the measurement of the various critical process parameters. More and more sterilizers are equipped with computerized control to eliminate the possibiUty of human error. However, electromechanical instmmentation is subject to random breakdowns or drifts from caUbrated settings and requires regular preventive maintenance procedures. 

When a fiber is stressed, the instantaneous elongation that occurs is defined as instantaneous elastic deformation. The subsequent delayed additional elongation that occurs with increasing time is creep deformation. Upon stress removal, the instantaneous recovery that occurs is called instantaneous elastic recovery and is approximately equal to the instantaneous elastic deformation. If the subsequent creep recovery is 100%, ie, equal to the creep deformation, the specimen exhibits primary creep only and is thus completely elastic. In such a case, the specimen has probably not been extended beyond its yield point. If after loading and load removal, the specimen fails to recover to its original length, the portion of creep deformation that is recoverable is still called primary creep the portion that is nonrecoverable is called secondary creep. This nonrecoverable elongation is typically called permanent set. 

PasquiU Atmo.spheric Diffusion, Van Nostrand, 1962) recast Eq, (26-60) in terms of the dispersion coefficients and developed a number of useful solutions based on either continuous (plume) or instantaneous (puff) releases, Gifford Nuclear Safety, vol, 2, no, 4, 1961, p, 47) developed a set of correlations for the dispersion coefficients based on available data (see Table 26-29 and Figs, 26-54 to 26-57), The resulting model has become known as the Pasquill-Gifford model. 

High set instantaneous overcun-ent through the positive sequence network. An initial delay of a few cycles is introduced to avoid a trip during a start, whereas it will trip instantly on a phase fault, cable fault or a short-circuit. 

The governor can be set to make the machine run at a constant speed, even on load variations, with extremely quick and almost instantaneous speed control, and thus maintain a near-zero AN. In a parallel operation they can also control load sharing automatically and accurately. Power grids, receiving power from different sources, are extremely susceptible to frequency variations. Even a small Af of the order of 0.5 Hz, may cause the system to trip. A fast-actuating governor with low response time (as low as 0.5 second) can overcome such a situation by quickly regulating the speed of the PM. 

The lube oil pumps are now ready to be turned on. The pump and filter bypass valves should be open to avoid pressure pulses in the filter eartridges. Strong pressure pulses may eause filter eartridges to eollapse. Typieal filter elements will withstand 35-100 psi differential. If the pumps are turned on with eaeh bypass elosed, an instantaneous pressure of approximately 150 psi will hit the filters. This is due to the setting of the relief valves. For this reason, it is important to have on hand several extra seal gas and lube oil eartridges. 

Figure 16-2A shows a possible set of the electron-proton distances as they might be seen if it were possible to make an instantaneous photograph. Such distances fix the attractions that cause the chemical bond. But it is well to remember there are also repulsions caused by the approach of the two atoms, as shown in Figure I6-2B. The two electrons repel each other and the two protons do the same. These repulsions tend to push the two atoms apart. Which are more important, the two new attraction... 

An idea of the scale of turbulence can be obtained by measuring instantaneous values of velocities at two different points within the fluid and examining how the correlation coefficient for the two sets of values changes as the distance between the points is increased. 

To set up expressions for the instantaneous rate of a reaction, we consider At to be very small so that t and t + At are close together we determine the concentration of a reactant or product at those times and find the average rate from Eq. 1. Then we decrease the interval and repeat the calculation. We can imagine continuing the process until the interval At has become infinitely small (denoted d/) and the change in molar concentration of a reactant R has become infinitesimal (denoted d R]). Then we define the instantaneous rate as... 

For the visualization of the SCA discrimination window on the MCA screen, the TTL pulses, which map the coincidently incoming y-pulses, can be used to mark the range of channel numbers corresponding to the selected voltage range. The marks allow instantaneous control while setting the dials for lower and upper limits to the... 

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