Insomnia epidemiology

Anxiety disorders and insomnia represent relatively common medical problems within the general population. These problems typically recur over a person s lifetime (3,4). Epidemiological studies in the United States indicate that the lifetime prevalence for significant anxiety disorders is about 15%. Anxiety disorders are serious medical problems affecting not only quaUty of life, but additionally may indirecdy result in considerable morbidity owing to association with depression, cardiovascular disease, suicidal behavior, and substance-related disorders. 

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Balter MB, Uhlenhuth EH. New epidemiologic findings about insomnia and its treatment. J Clin Psychiatry 1991 52(suppl 12) 34-39. 

Ohayon MM. Epidemiology of insomnia what we know and what we still need to learn. Sleep Med Rev 2002 6(2) 97-lll. 

Soldatos CR (1994) Insomnia in relation to depression and anxiety epidemiological considerations. J Psychosom Research 38 3-8... 

Hajak G (2001) Epidemiology of severe insomnia and its consequences in Germany. Em-Arch Psychiatry ClinNeurosci 251 49-56... 

Ohayon M (1996) Epidemiological study on insomnia in the general population. Sleep 19 Suppl 3 S7-S15... 

Foley DJ, Monjan A, Simonsick EM, Wallace RB, Blazer DG (1999) Incidence and remission of insomnia among elderly adults an epidemiologic study of 6,800 persons over three years. Sleep 22 Suppl 2 S366-S372... 

Neurological Effects. Epidemiological data show that workers exposed to tetryl during the manufacture of explosives in the workplace occasionally developed irritability, headaches, fatigue, and insomnia (Bergman 1952 Cripps 1917 Hardy and Maloof 1950). These effects suggest that... 

So far only acute adverse effects which could be readily associated with excessive lead exposure have been considered. However, studies on lead workers have elicited symptoms of lassitude, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, constipation, insomnia, irritability, pallor and anaemia - complaints which are common in the general population. The recent development of environmental and biological monitoring procedures, and of epidemiological methodology, now enables us to investigate non-specific and subclinical effects in relation to lead exposure with greater precision. 

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