Insect muscle

Structures of spider toxins that antagonise insect muscle glutamate receptors (and glutamate receptors of other animals)... 

Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors are located on the postsynaptic membranes of inhibitory synapses of both vertebrates and insects and contain within their membrane-spanning structure a chloride ion channel. They are found in both vertebrate brains and invertebrate cerebral ganglia (sometimes referred to as brains) as well as in insect muscles. Particular attention has been given to one form of this receptor—the GABA-A receptor—as a target for novel insecticides (Eldefrawi and Eldefrawi 1990). It is found both in insect muscle and vertebrate brain. The remainder of this description will be restricted to this form. 

Images such as these and the three-dimensional reconstruction of the structures producing them have made the cross-bridge arrangement in insect muscle the most fully characterised, and have proved invaluable in the interpretation of x-ray diffraction data from this preparation. 

Flubendiamide, a benzenedicarboxamide insecticide, also affects calcium channels. This insecticide induces unique symptomology in poisoned insects, showing a gradual contraction of the insect body. It is believed that flubendiamide induces intracellular Ca2+ release mediated by a calcium channel such as the ryanodine receptor resulting in the contraction of insect muscle (Tohnishi et al., 2005 Ebbinghaus-Kintscher et al., 2006 Nauen, 2006). 

GABA receptors identified in house fly thoracic muscle membranes by [3H]flunitrazepam binding also show differences from rat brain GABA receptors (23). The insect muscle receptors have higher... 

DHAP is also employed in the glycerophosphate shuttle, which functions as an electron-transporting mechanism in insect muscle (Figure 15.11a). 

Gly3PDH participates in the dihydroxyacetone phosphate/glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle of insect muscle (Figure 15.11)... 

Developmental changes in the mitochondria of insect muscles have... 

Usherwood, P.N.R. Insect muscles. Academic, New York, London, San Francisco (1975)... 

Insect muscle utilizes the Meyerhof sequence only as far as pyruvate, and the NADH produced during triosephosphate oxidation seems to be reoxidized by the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glycerophosphate (Chance and Sacktor, 1958). The major sugar in the plasma is a,a-trehalose, a disaccharide of glucose, and it plays a major part in the glucose transport system of insects (Wyatt and Kalf, 1957). For a review of insect biochemistry, see Goodwin (1965). 

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