Inorganics, solubility solution thermodynamics

This book offers no solutions to such severe problems. It consists of a review of the inorganic chemistry of the elements in all their oxidation states in an aqueous environment. Chapters 1 and 2 deal with the properties of liquid water and the hydration of ions. Acids and bases, hydrolysis and solubility are the main topics of Chapter 3. Chapters 4 and 5 deal with aspects of ionic form and stability in aqueous conditions. Chapters 6 (s- and p-block). 7 (d-block) and 8 (f-block) represent a survey of the aqueous chemistry of the elements of the Periodic Table. The chapters from 4 to 8 could form a separate course in the study of the periodicity of the chemistry of the elements in aqueous solution, chapters 4 and 5 giving the necessary thermodynamic background. A more extensive course, or possibly a second course, would include the very detailed treatment of enthalpies and entropies of hydration of ions, acids and bases, hydrolysis and solubility. 

D. A. Johnson (1982) Some Thermodynamic Aspects of Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd edn, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge - Contains a useful discussion of the solubility of ionic salts in aqueous solution. 

A collection of numerical data covering a relatively large number of quantities used in physical chemistry and thermodynamics, mainly for inorganic species for example acidity constants including those found in non-aqueous solvents, solubility constants and complexation constants. Regarding electrochemistry, you can find the redox potentials for numerous couples, the molar conductivities for the main ions in aqueous solution, the activity coefficients for electrolytes, as well as a small number of kinetic features (exchange current density, and transfer coefficient, etc.). 

Experimental studies concerning crystallization from W/O microemulsions use thermal analysis methods to characterize the microemulsions themselves, to determine thermodynamic parameters of crystallization, and to characterize the final products. A large number of studies are concerned with the state of water in ionic [109] and nonionic [110] W/O microemulsions. It has been shown that because of the close proximity of the interface, the properties of the water molecules are quite different from those of water in the bulk, and this difference in itself may have a profound effect on the solubilization and crystallization of solutes. The problem is discussed in detail in two other chapters (by Schulz et al. and by Garti et al.) in this book and will not be reiterated here. In this presentation we describe (1) calorimetric studies of the formation of nanosized inorganic crystallites and (2) the use of TG and DSC in the characterization of a water-soluble organic compound crystallized in a W/O microemulsion. 

The slow reaction process is likely due to multiple factors including (I) hindered reaction kinetics and diffusivity within the viscous gel, (2) inadequate or sluggish dissolution of precursor powder, and (3) a limited potential of iron to form a potassium-based aluminosilicate inorganic polymer. Hematite is not expected to be very soluble in concentrated alkali hydroxide solution, although it dissolution is dependent on the alkali used such that solubility is highest in NaOH, followed by KOH and LiOH. It is expected that as maghemite, magnetite and hematite dissolve, Fe and Fe ions would be released and would then be free to interact with the silica gel. Iron is versatile and can exist in multiple oxidation and coordination states in the final material. In zeolite systems, the more dilute conditions favors the diffusion of iron and other species, and a more thermodynamically stable state can be reached. The use of water-soluble iron sources such as iron nitrate and potassium ferrate in hydrothermal conditions have been shown to be an effective way to produce iron zeolites in which iron is located in tetrahedral coordination. ... 

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