Inorganic whiskers metal

Tensile Strength of Inorganic and Metallic Fibers and Whiskers 473... 

The tensile strength of materials is dependent on the treatment and form of the material. Thus, the tensile strength of isotropic bulk nylon-6,6 is less than that of anisotropic oriented nylon-6,6 fiber. Inorganics and metals also form fibers and whiskers with varying tensile strengths (Table 14.1). Fibers are generally less crystalline and larger than whiskers. 

A composite material is a multiphase system composed of matrix material and dispersed material. The matrix material is usually a continuous phase, which consolidates the dispersion material such as fiber or particles. The composite material is commonly categorized into the class of materials that the matrix material belongs to metal matrix composites, inorganic nonmetal matrix composites, and polymer-based composites. For example, the metal matrix composite material is a material included in the scope of metallic materials, while the polymer matrix composite material is included in the scope of the polymer material. The inorganic whiskers filled and modified... 

Inorganic whiskers, a kind of single crystal fibrous or needle-like material that appeared in recent years, are used to reinforce thermosetting resin, thermoplastic resin, rubber, metal, and ceramics through filling and to prepare advanced engineering plastic, composite materials, adhesive, sealant, and paint. The excellent performances of inorganic whiskers have led to their wide application as composite materials- ... 

There are organic and inorganic whiskers. Organic whiskers include fibrin whiskers, polyCbutyl acrylate-phenylethylene) whiskers, and so forth, and are usually used in polymers. Inorganic whiskers include metal whiskers and nonmetal whiskers. Metal whiskers are mainly applied in metal matrix composite material. Ceramic whiskers, a kind of nonmetal... 

The most important polymeric matrices are linear and cross-linked polyesters, epoxy resins and linear and cross-linked polyimides the most important reinforcements are high-performance polymeric fibres and filaments (for polymeric composites), filaments of refractory metals and inorganic materials (E-glass, A12C>3, B, BN, SiC and Carbon) and whiskers (fibrillar single crystals of A1203, B4C, WC, SiC and C, exclusively for reinforcement of metals). 

Basically a plastic composite is the assembly of two or more materials made to behave as a single product. Examples include vinyl-coated fabric used in air mattresses or laminated metal bonded together with a plastic adhesive used in helicopter blades. The RP type of composite combines a plastic with a reinforcing agent that can be fibrous, powdered, spherical, crystalline, or whisker, made of organic, inorganic, metallic, or ceramic material. To be structurally effective, there must be a strong adhesive bond between the resin and reinforcement. 

Inorganic materials such as chalk, flour, china, clay, mica, barytes. Fuller s earth, Aerosil (finely divided Si02), asbestos, glass-fiber, and metal or oxide single crystals (whiskers) are all used as fillers. Organic fillers include wood flour, cellulose flakes, foam-rubber chips, paper cuttings. 

The composites can be classified on the basis of the form of their structural components fibrous (composed of fibers in a matrix), laminar (composed of layers of materials), and particulate (composed of particles in a matrix). The particulate class can be further subdivided into flake (flat flakes in a matrix) or skeletal (composed of a continuous skeletal matrix filled by a second material). In general, the reinforcing agent can be either fibrous, powdered, spherical, crystalline, or whiskered and either an organic, inorganic, metallic, or ceramic material. 

Another phenomenon in electronics degradation is whisker growth, defined as fifimentary growth on metallic materials [22-29]. Whiskers can be metallic or inorganic compounds. Although this behavior is still under investigation, it is reported to be a form of induced recrystaUization... 

Man-made fibers ean be amorphous, polycrystalline, or ciystalline. The amorphous fibers inelude the man-made vitreous fibers typified by the insulation wools, which form the bulk of man-made inorganic fibers. Polycrystalline fibers include continuous carbon fibers used in composite material and specialty fibers such as Saffil. Crystalline man-made fibers include ceramic whiskers, such as silicon carbide and silicon nitride, which are used in reinforce metals and other composite materials. 

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