Inorganic materials structural types

Woolfson and Mahmoud have classified the routes to preparation of decorated self-assembling peptide materials [53] as (1) co-assembly, where the functional part is already attached to a self-assembling component prior to assembly, and (2) postassembly, where a non-functionahsed self-assembled structure is modified by covalent or non-covalent means. This discussion adheres to this classification. A third route, beyond the scope of this review, is the use of structured peptides as templates for inorganic materials. Section 4.1 discusses functionalised self-assemblies formed from co-assembly-type approaches, while post-assembly modifications of self-assembled structures are considered in Sect. 4.2. 

Core/shell-type nanoparticles ovm ated with higher band inorganic materials exhibit high PL quantum yield compared with uncoated dots d K to elimination of surface non-radiative recombination defects. Such core/shell structures as CdSe/CdS [6] and CdSe ZnS [7] have been prepared from organometaHic precursors. 

One strategy is to fabricate a template structure using polymeric material (thus, using the same chemistry as described in Sects. 5.2 and 5.3) and back-fill or coat this structure with inorganic materials. For example, surface modification, followed by electroless deposition of Ag [217-219] or Cu [220], or by chemical reduction of Au solutions by surface functionalities [220], has been used to obtain metallized structures, while infiltration of polymeric photonic bandgap-type structures with Ti(0 Pr)4 solution, followed by hydrolysis and calcination, has been used to obtain highly refractive inverted Xi02 structures [221]. Au has also been deposited onto multiphoton-patterned matrices of biomaterials [194]. 

Nested fullerene-type structures with other inorganic layered materials have been investigated recently. Tenne et al (1992) have shown that MoSj is formed in a nested (onion-like) structure when MoOj is reduced by HjS in the gas phase at 1070-1220K (Feldman et al, 1995). Similar results have been obtained with WSj. The idea seems to be more general, being applicable to other inorganic layered structures, as... 

Today there are a number of mass spectrometer companies producing a wide variety of different types of quadrupole-based, sector field and ToF instruments for quite different applications in the trace, ultratrace, isotope and surface analysis of inorganic materials and for the structural analysis of organic and bioorganic compounds. Mass spectrometry for the structural analysis of organic compounds including large biomolecules is described elsewhere. 

This chapter describes some basic inorganic crystal structures and their relationship to the new structural types, which often exhibit different symmetry and characteristic properties that make them useful in materials research and industrial applications. 

The Agl-type superionic solids are important inorganic materials. Several generalizations on the relationship between the conductivity of solid electrolytes and their structures can be made ... 

Phosphates having these types of open structures can act as shape-selective acid catalysts, for example, for the cracking and isomerization of hydrocarbons. For examples of lamellar materials, see Section 5.3 and see Intercalation Chemistry). Microporous catalysts are described above and in (see Porous Inorganic Materials and Zeolites). Mesoporous AlPO materials have larger pores within a matrix of amorphous A1P04. ... 

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