Inorganic ionic liquids

K. Kuboto, T. Nohira, T. Goto, R. Hagiwara, Electrochem. Commun. 2008, 10, 1886-1888. Novel inorganic ionic liquids possessing low melting temperatures and wide electrochemical windows Binary mixtures of alkah bis(fluorosulfonyl)amides. 

Figure 1 Apparatus for zone electrophoresis in inorganic ionic liquids. A and A, platinum wires for measurement of the electric field B and B working electrodes C and C electrolyte reservoirs (fused salt) D and D electrode compartments with sintered disks at the bottom and E glass plate that supports the electrophoretic medium, F. (Reproduced with permission from Alberti G, Allulli A, and Modugno G (1964) Journal of Chromatography 15 420-429.)...

Numata, K. (2011) Lithium secondary batteries using a ternary (Li,K,Cs)FSA inorganic ionic liquid. Master thesis. Kyoto University. 

Numata, K., Nohira, T., Hagiwara, R. et al. (2010) Application of the ternary inorganic ionic liquid (Li,K,Cs)FSA to lithium secondary batteries. Abstracts of the 51st Battery Symposium in Japan, p. 509. 

Immobilized ionic liquids Chloroaluminate ionic liquids on inorganic supports IGI, UK 2001 27... 

What constitutes an ionic liquid, as distinct from a molten salt It is generally accepted that ionic liquids have relatively low melting points, ideally below ambient temperature [1, 2]. The distinction is arbitrarily based on the salt exhibiting liquidity at or below a given temperature, often conveniently taken to be 100 °C. However, it is clear from observation that the principle distinction between the materials of interest today as ionic liquids (and more as specifically room-temperature ionic liquids) and conventional molten salts is that ionic liquids contain organic cations rather than inorganic ones. This allows a convenient differentiation without concern that some molten salts may have lower melting points than some ionic liquids . 

Ionic liquids possess a variety of properties that make them desirable as solvents for investigation of electrochemical processes. They often have wide electrochemical potential windows, they have reasonably good electrical conductivity and solvent transport properties, they have wide liquid ranges, and they are able to solvate a wide variety of inorganic, organic, and organometallic species. The liquid ranges of ionic liquids have been discussed in Section 3.1 and their solubility and solvation in... 

Although a great deal of excitement has surrounded the use of ionic liquids as solvents for organic synthesis, the rational synthesis of inorganic and organometallic compounds in ionic liquids has remained largely unexplored. 

Ionic liquids hold as much promise for inorganic and organometallic synthesis as they do for organic synthesis. Their lade of vapor pressure has already been exploited [13], as have their interesting solubility properties. The field can only be expected to accelerate from its slow beginnings. 

As with organic solvents, proteins are not soluble in most of the ionic liquids when they are used as pure solvent. As a result, the enzyme is either applied in immobilized form, coupled to a support, or as a suspension in its native form. For production processes, the majority of enzymes are used as immobilized catalysts in order to facilitate handling and to improve their operational stability [24—26]. As support, either inorganic materials such as porous glass or different organic polymers are used [27]. These heterogeneous catalyst particles are subject to internal and external... 

The anion in an ionic liquid can be varied, too. Many ionic liquids contain relatively simple inorganic anions, such as nitrate (NO3 ), tetrafluoroborate (BF4 ), or hexafluorophosphate (PFg ). Anions that are more exotic also are possible, such as the two shown below. Varying the anion provides another way of tuning the properties of an ionic liquid to match a desired application. 

Significant progress has been made in the application of ionic liquids (ILs) as alternative solvents to C02 capture because of their unique properties such as very low vapour pressure, a broad range of liquid temperatures, excellent thermal and chemical stabilities and selective dissolution of certain organic and inorganic materials. ILs are liquid organic salts at ambient conditions with a cationic part and an anionic part. 

Park, H., Lee, Y.C., Choi, B.G., Choi, Y.S., Yang, J.W., and Hong, W.H. (2010) Energy transfer in ionic-liquid-functionalized inorganic nanorods for highly effident photocatalytic applications. Small, 6 (2), 290-295. 

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