Inorganic-hydrocarbon binaries

The ku values for N2-hydrocarbon binaries are listed in Table III and plotted on Figure 3—along with the results of Chueh and Prausnitz (4). As shown in Figure 3, Equation 14 (with m = 0.0364) gives a satisfactory fit of the data. That is, Equation 14, with nC = 0, applies to inorganic-hydrocarbon binaries as well. Indeed, it appears to fit reasonably well the k 9s for the hydrocarbon binaries of H2—the most important inorganic gas in the heavy hydrocarbon and synthetic fuels processes— and even of Ar. The results of new determinations for the H2 and Ar binaries are included in Table III, and all the values have been plotted on Figure 4. 

Table III. Optimum Values for Inorganic—Hydrocarbon Binaries...

The kij9s for Methane-Hydrocarbon Binaries. As noted earlier, most of the fey values available in the literature are for binaries of inorganic gases and hydrocarbons with up to 8 carbon atoms. New determinations of optimum fey values for methane-hydrocarbon binaries are listed in Table I. These and Chueh s results make a total of 26 fey values (for 25 binaries two different fey s were included for the naphthalene binary) over the carbon-number range of 2 to 30 for /. This is the most... 

The first ionization potential may prove useful in sorting out and ordering the data for binaries of inorganic compounds, but it is certainly of little use in the prediction of ky s for hydrocarbon-hydrocarbon binaries. For example, the I of n-pentane (10.55 eV) is very similar to that of ethylene (10.51 eV), but the kys for the n-pentane binaries are markedly lower than those for the corresponding ethylene binaries (4). On the other hand, the ethylene and ethane binaries have similar kys (Figure 2), even though the I of ethane is 1.25 eV higher than for ethylene (20). 

The average ki value for the ten alcohol-hydrocarbon binaries is 0.16 d= 0.03, which is in good agreement with the 1974 value. Indeed, if the eight alcohol-inorganic binaries also are included, the average becomes 0.15 0.04. However, it appears that Icy increases in going from methanol to ethanol and then to 1-butanol. 

The more limited data for the hydrocarbon binaries of ethyl ether and ketones are relatively insensitive to VC .. In both cases, the present recommendations are essentially those made in 1974 0.09 dt 0.02 for the ethyl ether-hydrocarbon and 0.13 =h 0.03 for the ketone-hydrocarbon binaries. However, it should be noted that the ethyl ether-inorganic binaries have a ky closer to 0.2 (see Table IV), while the ky for acetone-benzene is temperature-dependent because of complex formation (see Ref. I). 

Using a recent equation of state of the van der Waals type developed to describe non-polar components, a model is presented which considers water as a mixture of monomers and a limited number of polymers formed by association. The parameters of the model are determined so as to describe the pure-component properties (vapour pressure, saturated volumes of both phases) of water and the phase equilibria (vapour-liquid and/or liquid-liquid) for binary systems with water including selected hydrocarbons and inorganic gases. The results obtained are satisfactory for a considerable variety of different types of system over a wide range of pressure and temperature. 

In the case of the halogen acids which are binary acids or non-oxygen acids the esters are the same as the alkyl halides, i.e., halogen substitution products of the hydrocarbons. With the oxygen acids, e.g., nitric, sulphuric, etc., the esters are not simple substitution products of hydrocarbons. With these inorganic acids which contain oxygen the acid... 

The k tabulations of Hiza and Duncan and of Chueh and Prausnitz are adequate for nonpolar systems involving inorganic gases and hydrocarbons with perhaps up to 8 carbon atoms. However, for process calculations on heavy hydrocarbons, coal liquids, etc., ky must be known or predicted for binaries of hydrocarbons with carbon number (much) greater than 10. 

Although hydrocarbons are binary molecular compounds, they are not named like the binary inorganic compounds discussed in Section 2.8. Instead, each alkane has a name that ends in -ane. The alkane with four carbons is called butane. For alkanes with five or more carbons, the names are derived from prefixes like those in Table 2.6. An alkane with eight carbon atoms, for example, is octane (CsHig), where the octa- prefix for eight is combined with the -ane ending for an alkane. 

This new inorganic optically active compound has several novel features. Werner s prototype, his "hexol", contained cobalt, a first-row element, and was a cation. F.G. Mann s rhodate, while an anion, contained a second row element. (+) -[Pt(S5)3]2- contains a third-row element. Further, this thioplatinate(IV) shares with the helicene hydrocarbon series the distinction of manifesting molecular optical activity while containing atoms of only two elements. Of course, enantiomorphism is well known in cryst ine binary assemblies (as in ciimabar, HgS, or quartz, Si02) and even in elements (like tellurium). 

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