Reactivity inorganic compounds

Luminescence has been used in conjunction with flow cells to detect electro-generated intennediates downstream of the electrode. The teclmique lends itself especially to the investigation of photoelectrochemical processes, since it can yield mfonnation about excited states of reactive species and their lifetimes. It has become an attractive detection method for various organic and inorganic compounds, and highly sensitive assays for several clinically important analytes such as oxalate, NADH, amino acids and various aliphatic and cyclic amines have been developed. It has also found use in microelectrode fundamental studies in low-dielectric-constant organic solvents. 

Oxidation. Hydrogen peroxide is a strong oxidant. Most of its uses and those of its derivatives depend on this property. Hydrogen peroxide oxidizes a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds, ranging from iodide ions to the various color bodies of unknown stmcture in ceUulosic fibers. The rate of these reactions may be quite slow or so fast that the reaction occurs on a reactive shock wave. The mechanisms of these reactions are varied and dependent on the reductive substrate, the reaction environment, and catalysis. Specific reactions are discussed in a number of general and other references (4,5,32—35). 

In the past years, chemiluminescence (CL) analysis of inorganic compounds has been extensively developed in both gas and liquid phases. These methods typically rely on the oxidation or reduction of a chemically reactive agent and the subsequent emission of a photon from an electronically excited-state intermediate. 

Many organic and inorganic compounds, fibers, and particles are capable of damaging nucleic acids by generating reactive oxygen species via the reduction of dioxygen. These stimuli include different classes of organic compounds, classic prooxidants (anticancer antibiotics, various quinones, asbestos fibers, and so on), and even antioxidants, which can be oxidized in the presence of transition metal ions. 

Bandosz TJ, Petit C. On the reactive adsorption of ammonia on activated carbons modified by impregnation with inorganic compounds,). Coll. Interface Science 2009, 338, 329-345. 

The technology is not applicable to metallic wastes, building and construction materials, and insoluble inorganic compounds. In liquid phases, lower temperamres decrease reactivity and increase the time required for complete bioremediation. All information is from the vendor and has not been independently verified. 

Because hydroxyl radicals have indiscriminate reactivity, they can react with almost all types of organic and inorganic compounds. Most aromatic compounds undergo radical attack on the aromatic ring in a manner similar to that of benzene systems. The products and the rate constants for hydroxyl radical attack on aromatic compounds are listed in Table 5.11. The data were obtained from the pulse radiolysis studies (Buxton et al., 1988). 

There are many methods for effecting the nitration of aromatic compounds. Reactive compounds, for example, phenol, will nitrate in dilute nitric acid, but usually more vigorous reaction conditions consisting of nitric acid (either concentrated or fuming) or nitrate salts in sulfuric acid are used. Solutions of nitric acid in other mineral acids, e.g., perchloric or phosphoric acid, have sometimes been used and can give nitro products in isomeric proportions different from those found in sulfuric acid solution. Nitric acid inorganic solvents, particularly acetic acid or acetic anhydride, has also been used frequently. In acetic anhydride acetyl nitrate rather than the nitronium ion is usually the reacting species. 

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