Innovation Sweden

This book is an international collaborative effort, with authors from Canada, France, the Federal Republic of Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States. It is not possible to cover all aspects of this subject in a single volume, but the contributions here are broadly representative of innovative work in the field. The order of the chapters is developed from the relationship of the topics and is not necessarily related to the sequence of contributions at the two symposia from which much of the initial material was derived. 

In order to more directly induce innovation for substitution, authorities have often created projects in cooperation with progressive manufacturers, main users, and universities, in order to develop proper substitutes. Examples include the Gron Kemi project in Southwest Sweden and which may be visited at http //www.gronkemi.nu/ start eng.html. Also, various initiatives to phase out lead and other substances from various product groups in the Danish Renere Produkter program may be consulted on OXFORD AS/IIIEE 2006. Several countries have initiated research programs that aim to phase out chemicals from medical products and other applications. 

Successful substitution policies have been pursued in Sweden and elsewhere, and it is important that past experiences are taken into account when REACH is implemented, otherwise its stated objective to promote substitution will fail, or at least be limited. The EU Member States must devote political will and resources for effective substitution policies, and information exchanges between relevant authorities and ECHA will be crucial. However, REACH will in any case mainly compel substitution when relevant substitutes are available on the market. Therefore, policies that make advance R D are needed as well. Such policies can involve cooperation between policymakers, industries, universities, research institutes, and other actors as well, and could make use of technology procurement and other relevant policies in order to ensure that companies will be rewarded for green and innovative efforts. 

C. G. Jung and A. Fontana Metals Energy Recovery and other Innovative Plastics Recycling Techniques, Skelleftea, Sweden, June 25, 2002. 

The financial support for this contribution came from VINNOVA-Verket fbr innovation system, Sweden. 

AstraZeneca Respiratory and Inflammation Innovative Medicines, Pepparedsleden 1, 431 50 Molndal, Sweden... 

AstraZeneca Respiratory and Inflammation Irmovative Medicines, Pepparedsleden 1, 43 150 Molndal, Sweden AstraZeneca New Opportunities Innovative Medicines, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, UK, SKIO 4TG... 

Sweden/Unlted States Department of Commerce, Office of Productivity, Technology, and Innovation. 

M. Svanstrom Chahners University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden P. Swan Australian Wool Innovation Limited, Sydney, Australia G. Thalwitz University of Qxford, Oxford, UK... 

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