Injectors, types

Therefore, the sorption characteristics Y(X) presented in Fig. 74—77 can only be used as design data for the injector type measured in the respective case. They can not be used for scale-up ... 

The absolute response factor (not to be confused with the partition coefficient), is not an intrinsic parameter of the compound since it depends upon the tuning of the chromatograph. To calculate the response factor AT, according to expression 4.5, it is essential that both the area A, and the mass m, of compound i injected on the column, are known. However, this mass is difficult to determine with precision since it relies simultaneously upon the syringe, upon the injector type (in GC), or upon the injection loop (in HPLC). This is why most chromatographic methods utilized for quantitative analyses, whether pre-programmed into an integrated recorder or in the multiplicity of available software, do not make use of the absolute response factors, K. ... 

This Downs type of mercury-controlled catalytic converter has been largely responsible for the expanded production of phthalic anhydride which has occurred since this country started making its own dye intermediates at the close of the war because of the operating economics made possible in the oxidation. A boiling mercury converter of approximately the same overall dimensions as the first-mentioned air-injector type has a capacity of from 1600 to 1800 pounds of phthalic anhydride per 24 hours and is so automatic in operation that a single operator can manage as many as eight of them. 

The manufacturers also have to assure the integrity of the container closure system used for the packaging of the drug (vials, syringes, various injector types, etc.) and the stability of the drug in the approved presentation (syringe, iv bag, etc.). As the number of protein drugs that can... 

In some injector types, worn seals or partially clogged tubing can cause excessive extracolumn band spreading. In other injectors, the material of construction can adsorb the sam[ffe. A measurement of the extracolumn band spreading and a comparison to previous results should help in the diagnosis of this cause. Consult tte manual of the manufacturer of the injector for specific effects and troubleshooting recommendations. 

In the case of a liquid sample, it is necessary to vaporize the liquid by using the proper injector type. 

To experimentally test these predictions (10), a disk shaped mlcrovoltammetrlc electrode was placed In the exit tube. Figure 1, of a pneumatically controlled loop Injector (Type 50, Rheodyne,... 

Liquid used in experiments was diesel fuel Applicable only to injector-type nozzles Ua = 0... 

The pintle injector is unique among the various injector options which have been successfully used in hquid rocket engines. Many early liquid engine injectors utilized impinging jets that create a spray due to the impact of the two streams, or coaxial injectors that mix propellants from shear or swirl induced in the inner fluid. These injector types are implemented in a flat face injector plate at the head-end of the combustion chamber. This resultant flowfield shown in Fig. 28.1c yields a curved spray/combustion zone which is substantially different than those formed by flat face-type injectors. 

Zlokarnik (3,55) recommends a slot injector for the aeration of waste water. This two-phase nozzle of injector type is outlined in Fig. 12. Zlokarnik has also reported on detailed mass transfer measurements, i.e. kj a values. The results are represented by introducing a dimensionless sorption number Y which is defined by... 

On-line coupling of SFC with gas chromatography has sporadically been used for the investigation of volatiles from aromatic herbs and spices. The requirements for instrumentation regarding the pumps, the restrictors, and the detectors are similar to those of SFE-GC. Additional parts of the device are the separation column and the injector, to introduce the sample into the mobile phase and successively into the column. The most common injector type in SFC is the high-pressure valve injector, similar to those used in HPLC. With this valve, the sample is loaded at ambient pressure into a sample loop of defined size and can be swept into the column after switching the valve to the injection position. The separation columns used in SFC may be either packed or open tubular... 

Injector type A splitless injector is used. SPME is a solvent-free technique. It is not necessary to reduce the introduced solvent volume to preserve the column. 

Injector type methylsilloone Splitter cool on-cdumn... 

Injector type cool on-odumn. A section of deactivated or polymethylsiloxane coated 0.53 mm ID fused silica tubing can be connected between the Injector and the column with a low dead volume union to allow use of an on-column autosampler... 

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