Toxicokinetics inhalation

Langenberg, J.P., Spruit, H.E.T., Van der Wiel, H.J., Trap, H.C., Helmich, R.B., Bergers, W.W.A., Vanhelden, H.P.M., Benschop, H.P. (1998a). Inhalation toxicokinetics of soman stereoisomers in the atropinized guinea pig with nose-only exposure to soman vapor. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 151 79-87. 

Johanson G. 1994. Inhalation toxicokinetics of butoxyethanol and its metabolite butoxyacetic acid in the male Sprague-Dawley rat. Arch Toxicol 68 588-594. 

Occupational studies indicate that humans absorb elemental selenium dusts and other selenium compounds, but quantitative inhalation toxicokinetic studies in humans have not been done. Studies in dogs and rats indicate that following inhalation exposure, the rate and extent of absorption vary with the chemical form of selenium. Studies in humans and experimental animals indicate that, when ingested, several selenium compounds including selenite, selenate, and selenomethionine are readily absorbed, often to greater than 80% of the administered dose. Although a study of humans did not detect evidence of dermal absorption of selenomethionine, one study of mice indicates selenomethionine can be absorbed dermally. There is little or no information available on the absorption of selenium sulfides, but selenium disulfides are not believed to be absorbed through intact skin. 

Spruit HET, Langenberg JP, Trap HC et al. (2000). Intravenous and inhalation toxicokinetics of sarin stereoisomers in atropinized guinea pigs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol, 169, 249-254. 

VII. Inhalation Toxicokinetics of Soman upon Low-Level Exposure... 

Experiments on the inhalation toxicokinetics of ( )-sarin have been restricted to... 

VII. INHALATION TOXICOKINETICS OF SOMAN UPON LOW-LEVEL EXPOSURE... 

Price K, Krishnan K. 2011. An integrated QSAR-PBPK modelling approach for predicting the inhalation toxicokinetics of mixtures of volatile organic chemicals in the rat. SAR QSAR Environ Res 22 107-128. 

The respiratory route is also highly relevant for sulfur mustard. Due to their complex nasal system, rats and guinea pigs may not be the best models for humans when studying the inhalation toxicokinetics of sulfur mustard vapor. In this respect, the marmoset monkey, a small non-human primate, is a better choice. The group of Langenberg et al. studied the inhalation toxicokinetics of sulfur mustard in this species (male and female, ca. 300-500 g), using the iv route as a reference. ... 

---