Inhalation of hydrogen

Caution Part A should he conducted in a hood to avoid inhalation of hydrogen chloride fumes. 

Kohno M, Tanaka E, Nakamura T, et al. 1991. [Influence of short-term inhalation of hydrogen sulfide in rats.] Eisei Kagaku—Japanese Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 37 103-106. (Japanese)... 

Parra O, Monso E, Gallego M, et al. 1991. Inhalation of hydrogen sulphide A case of subacute manifestations and long term sequelae. Br J Ind Med 48 286-287. 

The respiratory effects of cyanide include dyspnea, asphyxia, and a decrease in respiratory rate (Blanc et al. 1985 Matijak-Schaper and Alarie 1982 McNemey and Schrenk 1960). A recent study (Bhattacharya et al. 1994) demonstrated increased air flow, transthoracic pressure, and tidal volume accompanied by a significant decrease in pulmonary phospholipids following inhalation of hydrogen cyanide in rats. This study also showed that hydrogen cyanide exhibited a direct effect on pulmonary cells in rats. 

Acute inhalation of hydrogen cyanide resulted in bradycardia, arrhythmia, and T-wave abnormalities (Purser et al. 1984), and increased cardiac-specific creatinine phosphokinase activity (O Flaherty and... 

Stevens B, Koenig JQ, Rebolledo V, et al Respiratory effects from the inhalation of hydrogen chloride in young adult asthmatics. JOM 34 923-926, 1992... 

Braun J et ah Intoxication following the inhalation of hydrogen fluoride. Arch Toxicol 56 50-54, 1984... 

Data on the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of hydrogen chloride are sparse. There are reports of severe nonlactic metabolic acidosis developing rapidly after ingestion of hydrochloric acid (suggesting systemic absorption from the gastrointestinal tract), but this effect has not been reported after dermal exposure to concentrated hydrochloric acid or after inhalation of hydrogen chloride vapor or aerosol. No studies were found on upper respiratory... 

Several studies in humans have examined inhalation of hydrogen sulfide at low concentrations (Bhambhani and Singh 1991 Bhambhani et al. 1994, 1996a,b, 1997 Jappinen et al. 1990). The data are summarized in Table 7-2. 

Kohno, M., E.Tanaka, T.Nakamura, T.Nakamura, N.Shimojo, and S.Misawa. 1991. Influence of the short-term inhalation of hydrogen sulfide in rats. Eisei Kagaku. 37(2) 103—106. 

Toxicity and health effects Selenium causes hair and nail loss, discoloration and decay of the teeth, and CNS disturbances, including pain and anesthesia of the extremities. Inhalation of hydrogen selenide causes pulmonary edema. The dusts of selenium produce respiratory tract irritation, while the fumes of selenium dioxide produce metal fume fever. Dermal exposure and ingestion of selenium oxychloride cause skin burns, corrosive injury to the gastrointestinal tract, stupor, respiratory depression, and refractory hypotension. Ingestion of selenious acid causes corrosive injury to the gastrointestinal tract, stupor, respiratory depression, and refractory hypotension... 

Inhalation of hydrogen selenide, a gas, may produce irritation of the upper respiratory tract and reduced respiratory flow rates, which can persist for a few years. 

Cyanide (CN) poisoning may be encountered after the inhalation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN), or after the ingestion of hydrocyanic acid or of potassium or sodium cyanides. Cyanide solutions used in electroplating may release HCN if acidified, while a number of naturally occurring nitriles are metabolized to cyanide ion in vivo. Thioyanate insecticides also give rise to cyanide in-vivo. In addition, cyanide is often present in the blood of fire victims due to the inhalation of HCN from the partial combustion of wool, silk, and synthetic polymers such as polyurethanes and polyacrylonitriles carbon monoxide is usually also present. 

Human Toxicity Poisoning may occur by ingestion, absorption through injured skin or inhalation of hydrogen cyanide, liberated by action of carbon dioxide or other acids. Strong solns are corrosive to skin. For symptoms see Hydrogen Cyanide. 

Cyanide is readily diffusible through epithelium. This property contributes to its lethal toxicity after inhalation of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) gas (the usual route of military exposure), ingestion of cyanide salts or cyanogens, or percutaneous absorption of cyanide from high-concentration solutions. Because cyanides are present at low concentrations in several naturally occurring environmental sources, it is not surprising that most animals have intrinsic biochemical pathways for detoxification of the cyanide ion. 

C. Acute inhalation of hydrogen selenide produces dyspnea, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Inhalation of selenium hexafluoride produces severe corrosive injury and systemic toxicity from acids of selenium plus fluoride ion toxicity. Selenium salt inhalation causes dyspnea and skin and mucous membrane irritation. 

Proctor TB, Velde T, Dayal V, Bhattacharyya TK, Artwohl J, Towle V (1998) Auditory brain stem response in young and old guinea pigs. Am J Otol 19(2) 226-229 Qu J, Li X, Wang J, Mi W, Xie K, Qiu J (2012) Inhalation of hydrogen gas attenuates cisplatin-induced ototoxicity via reducing oxidative stress. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 76 (1) 111-115. doi 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.10.014... 

Another controversial alternative medical procedure is inhalation of hydrogen peroxide at a concentration of about 1%. Intravenous usage of hydrogen peroxide has been linked to several deaths. 

---