Ingredients, rubber compounding plasticizers

Differences among softeners, tackifler resins, and softeners are blurred, and many are dual-purpose ingredients of rubber compounds. Plasticizers also act as softeners and pro-... 

A compounding ingredient used to reduce the plasticity (increase the stiffness) of rubber compound and thus enable, e.g., an extruded section, to retain its shape or to reduce air trapping in moulding soft rubbers. 

Uses Intermediate in the manufacture of azo dyes and pigments for printing inks, textiles, paints, plastics, and crayons curing agent for isocyanate-terminated polymers and resins rubber compounding ingredient analytical determination of gold formerly used as chemical intermediate for direct red 61 dye. 

To process rubber compounds, for lining applications, as stated earlier, it is necessary to convert the elastic, tough and nervy state of the raw rubber into a complete plastic state. This conversion process called mastication, is achieved by mechanical means or by chemical means by the use of certain chemical ingredients called peptisers. Mastication is the first operation in the processing of solid rubbers to manufacture a product. 

Seal Substitution of cheap compounding ingredients High volume swell and loss of sealing capability Accurately specify all major ingredients in rubber and plastic components... 

Cilrelease. [Compounding Ingredients Ltd.] Mold release agents for rubbers and plastics. 

Acetone s primary applications are based on its ability to dissolve such a wide array of organic substances. It is used as a solvent for paints, varnishes, lacquers, inks, glues, rubber cements, fats, oils, waxes, and various types of rubber and plastics. It is perhaps best known to the average person as the primary ingredient in nail polish remover. The largest single use of the compound is as a raw material in the manufacture of other organic chemicals, such as chloroform,... 

The items are those recommended by (a) manufacturers, either in technical bulletins or in Material Safety Data Sheets, (b) the Manufacturing Chemists Association, or (c) the National Safety Coxmcil, for use by personnel while responding to fire or accidental discharge of the chemical. They are intended to protect the lungs, eyes, and skin. There are many plastics and rubber compounding ingredients, as well as the monomers themselves, which are toxic and pose fire and explosion hazards. The user must consult a Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for the specific properties and safety hazards associated with the chemicals handled. An MSDS will provide specific recommendations on the required personal protective equipment that should be used when handling a certain chemical. 

Plasticizers, process aids, tackifiers etc. are broad subjects which can only be mentioned here in the context of seals for oil field use. Full details of the structure and activity of these ingredients, and the theories of their reaction mechanisms when incorporated in rubber compounds, cannot be treated in this book. 

This is the area in which the compounder s expertise is the most evident and most needed. The number of alternatives is large and the optimum order of ingredient addition depends on the size, type and degree of wear of the machine, the available speeds and ram pressures, and the types and levels of rubber, filler, plasticizers and minor ingredients. 

Plastic or rubbery ingredients for bonds require more vigorous mixing than simple stirring can provide. Kneaders, banbury mixers, or roll mills are used to blend bond ingredients and to prepare the abrasive mix for such bonds. Mixes which cannot be spread or packed into a mold readily may be rolled out into sheets, much like the sheeting of rubber compounds, from which product shapes may be cut. Some few bonding systems are liquid, and these may be poured into molds with or without vacuum treatment to remove bubbles. 

Abbreviations of additive names can be foimd in the standard terminology (ASTM D1600-13 Standard Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics). ISO standard has a separate section for symbols used for additives (ISO 1043-3 19% Plastics — Symbols and abbreviated terms — Part 3 Additives). In addition to the abbreviations for individual additives, Aimex A contains a hst of symbols for additive components (alcohol part, acid part, and other elements of composition). Abbreviations of additives used in rabber are given in a separate standard (ISO 6472 2010 Rubber compounding ingredients — Symbols and abbreviated terms). 

One basic rule the compounder must remember about fluoroelastomers is that these products are extremely resistant to chemicals and heat. Therefore, any compounding ingredient is likely to adversely affect FKM performance. Plasticizers are not tolerated and most chemicals commonly used in rubber compounding are not recommended. 

Acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (also called nitrile or nitrile butadiene rubber) was commercially available in 1936 under the name Buna-N. It was obtained by emulsion polymerization of acrylonitrile and butadiene. During World War II, NBR was used to replace natural rubber. After World War II, NBR was still used due to its excellent properties, such as high oil and plasticizer resistance, excellent heat resistance, good adhesion to metallic substrates, and good compatibility with several compounding ingredients. 

The softening of rubber by milling to enable the addition of compounding ingredients to be made. Mastication may be done on an open mill, an internal mixer or in a plasticator. See Cold Mastication and Hot Mastication. 

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