Infrared-microscopy time resolved

Therefore, local dissolution and recrystallization seem to play an important role in the gas uptake mechanism in these type of sensor materials. The coordination of SO2 to the platinum center (and the reverse reaction) is therefore likely to take place in temporarily and very locally formed solutes in the crystalline material, whereas the overall material remains crystalline. The full reversibility of the solid-state reaction was, furthermore, demonstrated with time-resolved solid-state infrared spectroscopy (observation at the metal-bound SO2 vibration, vs= 1072 cm-1), even after several repeated cycles. Exposure of crystalline samples of 26 alternat-ingly to an atmosphere of SO2 and air did show no loss in signal intensities, e.g. due to the formation of amorphous powder. The release of SO2 from a crystal of 27 was also observed using optical cross-polarization microscopy. A colourless zone (indicative of 26) is growing from the periphery of the crystal whereas the orange colour (indicative for 27) in the core of the crystal diminishes (see Figure 9). 

From the analysis of the data in the LIPID AT database (41), more than 150 different methods and method modifications have been used to collect data related to the lipid phase transitions. Almost 90% of the data is accounted for by less than 10 methods. Differential scaiming calorimetry strongly dominates the field with two thirds of all phase transition records. From the other experimental techniques, various fluorescent methods account for 10% of the information records. X-ray diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Raman spectroscopy, electron spin resonance (ESR), infrared (IR) spectroscopy, and polarizing microscopy each contribute to about or less than 2-3% of the phase transition data records in the database. Especially useful in gaining insight into the mechanism and kinetics of lipid phase transitions has been time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction (62,78-81). 

We have performed super-resolution infrared microscopy by combining a laser fluorescence microscope with picosecond time-resolved TFD-IR spectroscopy. In this chapter, we have demonstrated that the spatial resolution of the infrared microscope improved to more than twice the diffraction limit of IR light. It should he relatively straightforward to improve the spatial resolution to less than 1 pm by building a confocal optical system. Thus, in the near future, the spatial resolution of our infrared microscope will be improved to a sub-micron scale. 

Therefore, by using this super-resolution infrared microscope, we will be able to carry out space- and time-resolved vibrational microspectroscopy in the IR super-resolved region. Given that IR absorption is regarded as the fingerprint of a molecule, the new super-resolution infrared microspectroscopy will become an extremely important tool, not only in microscopy but also in spectroscopy. 

Sakai, M., Kawashima, Y., Takeda, A., Ohmori, T. and Fujii, M. (2007) Far-field infrared super-resolution microscopy using picosecond time-resolved transient fluorescence detected IR spectroscopy. Chem. Phys. Lett., 439, 171—176. 

Synchrotron Infrared spectroscopy has witnessed several important applications in Materials Science over the recent years. This chapter is aimed at highlighting the most recent studies that could inspire new studies from readers. Soft matter (in particular polymer science), catalysis and microscopic ellipsometry have achieved important steps forward in their applications recently, while well-established studies in semiconductors and high pressure studies have generated important results and findings. The field is evolving quickly towards new directions, mainly in the production of intense THz beams that are opening new research directions, in time resolved studies, in fast imaging and in near field infrared microscopy. The recent advances are reported in this chapter. 

Infrared microspectroscopy has been reviewed [436,444 47] and theory and applications have been described in several recent books [393,417-419], An introduction to step-scan FTIR is available [448]. The role of IR and Raman microscopy/ microprobe spectroscopic techniques in the characterisation of polymers, their products, and composites was reviewed [449]. McClure [450] has described NIR imaging spectroscopy and a recent review on time-resolved studies of polymers by mid-and near-infrared spectroscopy has appeared [451]. Near-infrared microspectroscopy and its applications have been reviewed [452]. 

Thermal scanning microscopy Temperature-time profile Time/temperature resolved pyrolysis mass spectrometry Thermal ultraviolet Thermal volatilisation analysis Thermal wave infrared imaging Transmission X-ray microscopy Total-reflection X-ray fluorescence (c/r. TRXRF) Ultrasonic force microscopy Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy Ultrasound... 

Using time- and space-resolved infrared (IR) microscopy (IRM), from the in situ study of sorption uptake of a gas mixture by a big MOF single crystal (size > 50 pm, because of the wave length of IR), the mixed-gas adsorption isotherms and diffusion coefficients can be determined [43] (Fig. 16). 

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