Information-theoretic sensitivity analysis

Liidtke et al. (2007) developed a new version of the method above that they call information-theoretic sensitivity analysis. Here the model is considered as a communication channel , which is a transmitter of information between inputs and outputs. Instead of analysing the variance of the ouQjut distribution, they measured output xmcertainty in terms of Shannon s entropy. The first-order sensitivity index, the higher-order sensitivity indices and the total sensitivity index aU have information-theoretic coxmterparts. 

Llidtke, N., Panzeri, S., Brown, M., Broomhead, D.S., Knowles, J., Montemurro, M.A., Kell, D.B. Information-theoretic sensitivity analysis a general method for credit assignment in complex networks. J. R. Soc. Interface. 26 (2007)... 

Comparison of the processes simulated by these various models with sensitivity analysis performed on key input parameters (e.g. advection, soil moisture content, biotransformation rates) and calibration of the outputs from the models against site-specific data55 can provide information on how each model performs against theoretical expectations and measured values (Table 4). This review showed that the predicted indoor air concentrations varied by over an order of magnitude (Table 1 in ref. 56). Incorporation of the key findings from this type of applied research work contributes towards improving the predictability of contaminants from contaminated land to various receptors. 

Therefore, from a sensitivity analysis and a principal component analysis, one can gain insights into how many useful relations can be derived from a given set of experimental/theoretical data for refining force field parameters. These analyses can also be useful in the selection of suitable experimental/theoretical data to use for force field parameterization. Ideally, one would like to include the smallest amount of data containing the largest amount of information the judicious choice of experimental/theoretical data needed to accomplish this can help reduce the computational costs of refining a set of potential parameters. 

More in line with the predictive use of hazards analysis, however, is the experimental and theoretical assessment that the viscosity of the liquid significantly affects this mode of initiation. Such information allows redesign of the process to eliminate handling of low viscosity liquid explosives, and quantitative measurement of the sensitivity of the system to mild shocks as a function of viscosity may allow the optimum level to be selected. This is not necessarily a new concept, only quantified in a different manner. Thirty years ago transporters of neat nitroglycerine in the oil fields were paid 25 a day. The stipend for transporting jellied nitroglycerine was seven dollars, a practical comment on the understood difference in hazard. 

The main advantage of a multi-frequency study is that it provides information on the frequency dispersion of magnetic resonance parameters. This approach (dispersion), for example, is the power in NMRD studies. Several laboratories pioneered in the application of multi-frequency EPR as a route to a more accurate evaluation of key spectroscopic parameters (g, A, Q, D, E), as well as a more sensitive methodology for studying dynamical processes, where an interplay between the frequency dependence of the spin process and the frequency dependence of the EPR observation often can provide exceptionally detailed information [64,65]. In order to take advantage of the method, the frequency dependence of spin systems must be understood. This has led to the development of several theoretical approaches for better analysis of multi-frequency data, and especially in BPCA research, for the analysis of the frequency dependence of geffective, Tle, T2e, and the overall EPR line shape in frozen glasses and in room-temperature aqueous solutions. 

In the analysis of a single sample, the quantitative XPS results for the majority elements are only generally considered as being precise to approximately 20% relative accuracy. This is a result of the approximations required in establishing sensitivity factors (knowledge of the actual surface composition of the reference compounds, inaccuracies in the theoretical values of a and X, etc.) and above all the lack of information on the concentration profile of the elements close to the surface. In a comparison of several samples, differences of a few percent... 

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