Data and information

Information on manufacturing processes, equipment parameters, materials of construction, costs and the physical properties of process materials are needed at all stages of design from the initial screening of possible processes, to the plant start-up and production. 

---

This comprises original publications in scientific journals or serials proceedings, in which the latest information and data are published for the first time. Primary literature includes dissertations and theses, journals, patents, conference proceedings, research reports, and preprints the latter three are often called gray literature). 

L. W. Brandt and L. Stroud, Open File Information and Data delating to the Extraction of Heliumfrom Natural Gas bj Fow Temperature Processes, U.S. Bureau of Mines, Amarillo, Tex., May 1, 1959. 

Physical Composition Information and data on the physical composition of solid wastes including (1) identification of the individual components that make up industrial and municipal sohd wastes, (2) density of solid wastes, and (3) moisture content are presented below. 

The following cnecklist is a recommended guide for reporting all important information and data ... 

There are literally many thousands of chemical compounds that are potential air pollutants. It would be impossible to present all the pertinent data and information needed to evaluate each and every air pollution scenario. There are, however, a wealth of information and data bases that are available on the worldwide Web, along with a number of standard hard copy references to obtain information on the chemical and physical properties, and health risks of potential atmospheric contaminants. 

The material information and data presented in this chapter and other sections... 

Suppose that the equilibrium mixture for the reaction PCls(g) PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) considered in Example 9.8 is perturbed by adding 0.0100 mol Cl2(g) to the container (of volume 500. mL) then the system is once again allowed to reach equilibrium. Use this information and data from Example 9.8 to calculate the new composition of the equilibrium mixture. 

The medium used for the transmission of information and data over distances has evolved from copper wire to optical fiber. It is quite likely that no wire-based information transmission systems will be installed in the future. The manufacture of optical fibers, like that of microcircuits, is almost entirely a chemical process. 

Several attempts were made to apply nanostructures made of DNA or proteins to the development of alternative computation or computer memory. The concept of DNA computing was developed as an alternative computation approach based on information and data stored as sequenced DNA nucleotides and DNA-specific hybridization and elongation as a means to reach the answer or solution to a problem. Available tools of molecular biology were employed to identify and analyze the results [66-68]. This multistage computation is based on the assumption that solutions can be sought in parallel, thus compensating for the relatively slow processing time. 

The concept of risk assessment requires a profound understanding of food dynamics and technological conditions that may impact the risk levels of certain hazardous compounds. It requires that scientific information and data are collected to underpin conclusions about risk levels. Risk assessment can be used to scientifically underpin the selection of hazards that must be covered by a quality or safety assurance system (e.g., HACCP) that will improve the reliability of the system. 

Analysis and Interpretation of the Information and data resulting from the exploratory study will provide the basis for designing the final definitive monitoring study Including all elements of the QA/QC plan. For example, decisions must be made on whether or not the selected control area Is adequate and appropriate whether the hypothesized model Is valid whether the study area should be stratified and If so, how what number of samples should be collected at what locations and whether or not the QA/QC plan for sampling is adequate and if not, how it should be changed. 

If the exploratory study Is conducted well. It will provide some data for achieving the overall objectives of the total monitoring study. It will provide a check of the feasibility and efficacy of all aspects of the monitoring design Including the QA/QC plan. It will serve as a training vehicle for participants. It will pinpoint where additional measurements need to be made. Finally, It will provide a body of Information and data which may be Incorporated Into the final report for the total monitoring study. 

File Transfer Protocol. A protocol used to move files over the Internet. Typically, you use a command line command, browser capability, or program on your computer called an FTP client to connect to an FTP server found on the Internet. Once connected to the FTP server, you can move files back and forth between your computer and the FTP server. SFTP, Secure FTP, is a more secure protocol for moving data over the Internet in which both your login information and data are encrypted during communications. 

---