Influence of Process Temperature

A direct comparison of the surface morphology of the granules is presented in Fig. 7.32. Different temperatures result in a different microstructure. At lower gas 

In general, different process parameters have an influence on the sohd phase formation around core particles. The structure of this shell influences, in turn, the properties of the resulting product, for example, the mechanical strength. 

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Table 4.1 Influence of process temperature on product yields from fluidized bed pyrolysis of LDPE [16]. (Reprinted imra Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 1999 51 107, P Williams E Williams with permission from Elsevier)...

Table 6 Influence of processing temperature and storage at 25°C on percentage of chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) and hydrocortisone (HC) remaining in HPC extruded films (n = 6)...

Figure 1. Influence of process temperature, pressure and LHS V on the yield and hydrocarbon composition of the gas phase during the conversion of (a) gas condensate (45-125 C) at P=lMPa, LHSV = 2 h, (b) oil fraction (85-1 SO C) at T=360 C, LHSV = 2 h and (c) gas condensate (60-155 C) at T=380 C, P =lMpa. (1- gas yield, 2- content of methane+ethane, 3- propane, 4- butanes and 5- C2-C4-olefins in Ci-C4-fraction).

Influence of Processing Temperatures on the Cooling and Cycle Time... 

Figure 4.45 shows the influence of processing temperature during injection molding on the mechanical and rheological properties of a PP copolymer. When the processing temperature exceeds 280 °C, molecular weight loss becomes clearly visible [20]. 

Influence of processing temperature on the impact toughness of ABS (to show that the ioss in impact toughness is not reiated to different rubber phase orientations, aii specimens were softened again at 220 °C) [20]... 

H. Wang, G. Hinrichsen (1997) Influence of processing temperature on morphological and mechanical properties of a polycarbonate/thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (PC/TLCP) blend, Int. Polym. Proc. 12,26. 

The diffusion of solutes in water is an important event in many biological processes. The influences of water temperature and hydropathic states of the solute are expected to be of importance in this process. A study modeling diffusion using CA was reported by Kier et al. [6]. The study revealed increases in diffusion rates with higher temperatures and higher solute hydrophobicity. More recent studies indicate that the diffusion rate may be maximum at an intermediate level of hydrophobicity and temperature [7]. 

Willemer, H. Influence of product temperature and gas composition on the lyophilisation process. International Congress, p. 63-77, Basel 1994, Copyright 1994 PDA, Inc., Bethesda, Maryland, USA... 

Lund, D. (1984). Influence of time, temperature, moisture, ingredients, and processing conditions on starch gelatinization. Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr. 20, 249-273. 

Chlorine-containing polymers such as poly(vinyl chloride) PVC undergo an autocatalytic dehydrochlorination reaction under the influence of elevated temperature and UV radiation. Since the HCl originating from the dehydro chlorination of the PVC chains is believed to sustain this autocatalytic process, stabilizers that irreversibly bond HCl can thus inhibit the degradation. Heavy metal compounds such as cadmium stearate or lead stearate are currently used for this purpose. However, alternatives are required due to environmental problems associated with the use of heavy metals. Indeed, the largest current application of LDH materials is in the polymer industry, mainly to stabilize PVC [3,229-232]. 

The influence of process variables such as the temperature, pressure of H2 and CO on the hydroformylation reaction is well recognized by all researchers. However, other aspects, such as stirring speed, the shape and size of the stirrer, relative amounts of the aqueous and organic phases, etc. are usually overlooked by people working in laboratories far from the actual chemicals production. A few papers in the open literature deal with these questions, of which perhaps the most important concerns the location of the chemical reaction. Does it takes place in the bulk phases or at the interphase region ... 

The influence of the temperature. It has been established that the temperature has a dramatic effect on the occurrence of the Sn(ANRORC) process. Whereas participation of the Sn(ANRORC) mechanism in the amino-debromination of 4-t-butyl-6-bromopyrimidine at -75°C was found to occur for 77% according to the Sn(ANRORC) mechanism (79RTC5), it decreased to 33% when the amination was carried out at -33°C. Apparently at -75°C attack of the amide ion on C-2 is clearly favored over attack on C-6 (kinetic vs thermodynamic control) (78TL3841). Notice that 4-t-butyl-6-chloropyrimidine, when aminated at -33°C, reacts for nearly the... 

F. Influence of the Temperature on the Single-Chain Transfer AND Termination Processes... 

It is not certain how the ethylvinylbenzene isomers influence the star-formation process and further acperiments are necessary. The influence of reaction temperature on the stability of the vinylbenzyl and polydienyllithium chain ends is presently under investigation utilizing U.V.-visible spectroscopic techniques. Future experiments are in progress (16) to further advance the existing knowledge of this interesting polymerization process. 

The free-radical cure mechanism of the vinyl ester resins is well understood. In most respects, it is similar to that of the unsaturated polyester resins. To initiate the curing process, it is necessary to generate free radicals within Ike resm mass. Organic peroxides are tlie most common source of free radicals. These peroxides will decompose under the influence of elevated temperatures or chemical promoters, e.g., organometallics or tertiary amines, to form free radicals. Generation of free radicals also can be effected by ultraviolet or high-energy radiation applied directly to the resin system. The free radicals thus formed react to open the double bond... 

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