Inductively coupled plasma mass schematic

Figure 5.22 Schematic of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer a laser ablation system (wa velength 213 nm) is coupled to a double-focusing sector field ICP-MS (Element, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bremen). The cooled laser ablation chamber using two Peltier elements was developed in the author s laboratoryJ26 (M. V. Zoriy, M. Kayser, A. Izmer, C. Pickhardt and J. S. Becker, Int. J. Mass Spectrom., 242, 297 (2005). Reproduced by permission of Elsevier.)...

Figure 4 Schematic diagram of high-pressure liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC-ICP-MS) system with dual-inlet system for isotope dilution analyses. (From Ref. 32.)...

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of a typical commercial inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) instrument (A) liquid sample, (B) peristaltic pump, (C) nebulizer, (D) spray chamber, (E) argon gas inlets, (F) load coil, (G) sampler cone, (H) skimmer cone, (I) ion lenses, (J) quadrupole, (K) electron multiplier detector, (L) computer.

Figure 11.17 Schematic diagram of the inductively coupled plasma/mass spectrometer interface. From Dean, J. R., Atomic Absorption and Plasma Spectroscopy, ACOL Series, 2nd Edn, Wiley, Chichester, UK, 1997. Reproduced with permission of the University of Greenwich.

Figure 2.50 Schematic diagram of an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer.

Figure 6 Schematic diagram of online coupling LC-ICP-MS via conventional nebulization and via microwave (MW)-HG. (Reprinted from Gonzalez LaFuente JM, Marchante Gayon JM, Fernandez Sanchez ML, and Sanz-Medel A (1999) Urinary selenium speciation by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry advantages of detection with a double focussing mass analyser with a hydride generation interface. Talanta 50 207-217.)...

Schematic diagram of a commercial inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometer. (From Kellner, R., Mermet, J.-M., Otto, M., Valcarcel, M., and Widmer, H.M., Analytical Chemistry A Modem Approach to Analytical Science, 2nd edn., Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim, Germany, 2004,118Z)...

FIGURE 5.1 Schematic of an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), showing proximity of the interface region. 

The most frequently applied analytical methods used for characterizing bulk and layered systems (wafers and layers for microelectronics see the example in the schematic on the right-hand side) are summarized in Figure 9.4. Besides mass spectrometric techniques there are a multitude of alternative powerful analytical techniques for characterizing such multi-layered systems. The analytical methods used for determining trace and ultratrace elements in, for example, high purity materials for microelectronic applications include AAS (atomic absorption spectrometry), XRF (X-ray fluorescence analysis), ICP-OES (optical emission spectroscopy with inductively coupled plasma), NAA (neutron activation analysis) and others. For the characterization of layered systems or for the determination of surface contamination, XPS (X-ray photon electron spectroscopy), SEM-EDX (secondary electron microscopy combined with energy disperse X-ray analysis) and... 

Figure 23 Schematic representation of inductively coupled plasma Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ICP-FT-ICR) mass spectrometer used to obtain spectra shown in Figs. 9.21 and 9.22.

Fig. 10. Schematic view of the Inductively-Coupled Plasma (ICP) Selected-Ion Flow Tube (SIFT) tandem mass spectrometer. The ICP torch produces metal ions M+ that are mass-selected and injected into the flow tube. The M+ ions may be ligated with molecules L before they enter the reaction region further downstream...

For use in ICP-MS, ions are sampled directly from the inductively coupled plasma. Special precautions are required related to the high temperatures in the plasma. A schematic diagram of an ICP-MS system is shown in Figure 2. In most cases, the liquid sample, which can be introduced directly from a vial, of a liquid-phase separation technique such as LC is nebulized into a separate spray chamber. The aerosol, containing the smaller droplets, is transported by argon to the torch, where the ICP is generated and sustained. In this so-called ICP flame, the analytes are atomized and ionized. The ions are directly sampled from the flame by the ion sampling aperture for mass analysis. 

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