Inductively coupled nitrogen plasma technique

Oxygen and nitrogen also are deterrnined by conductivity or chromatographic techniques following a hot vacuum extraction or inert-gas fusion of hafnium with a noble metal (25,26). Nitrogen also may be deterrnined by the Kjeldahl technique (19). Phosphoms is determined by phosphine evolution and flame-emission detection. Chloride is determined indirecdy by atomic absorption or x-ray spectroscopy, or at higher levels by a selective-ion electrode. Fluoride can be determined similarly (27,28). Uranium and U-235 have been determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (29). 

It is seen by examination of Table 1.11(b) that a wide variety of techniques have been employed including spectrophotometry (four determinants), combustion and wet digestion methods and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (three determinants each), atomic absorption spectrometry, potentiometric methods, molecular absorption spectrometry and gas chromatography (two determinants each), and flow-injection analysis and neutron activation analysis (one determinant each). Between them these techniques are capable of determining boron, halogens, total and particulate carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulphur, silicon, selenium, arsenic antimony and bismuth in soils. 

The precursor and the calcined catalyst were characterized by various techniques such as nitrogen adsorption, mercury porosimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic emission spectrometry by inductively coupled plasma (ICP), thermogravimetric analysis, and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). More details about the catalyst preparation and characterization can be found in a previous work (22). 

Zaray Gy., Broekaert J. A. C. and Leis F. (1988) The use of direct sample insertion into a nitrogen-argon inductively coupled plasma for emission spectrometry I. Technique optimization and application to the analysis of aluminium oxide, Spectrochim Acta, Part B 43 241—253. 

There are several analytical techniques available for determination of minerals in nuts. For example there is atomic absorption. X-ray fluorescence, flame emission and arc/spark emission spectroscopy, spectrophotometry and specific ion electrodes. With inductively coupled plasma spectrometery (ICPS), it is possible to determine P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Na, Al, Zn, Mn, Fe, Co, Mo and B in plant materials. ICPS has the potential to determine all the nutritional elements (except nitrogen) with a polychromator sequentially scanning monochromator in the single digestion (Zarcinas et al. 1987). 

The calcium and phosphorus content in the synthesized HA powder were determined by using the Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) technique. The specific surface area of the powder was measured by the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. Nitrogen gas adsorption analysis was performed on a Coulter SA 3100 Analyzer. Samples were outgassed at 150°C for... 

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