Indium fluoride

Gaydon gives 6-15 eV, from the work of Welti and Barrow 61. These authors studied the spectra of gallium and indium fluoride and found >=6 15 and 5 4j eV respectively. There is, however, a possibility that there may be a potential maximum in the curves for the upper states of these molecules, and these dissociation energies may therefore be upper limits. 

Indium Trifluoride. Indium fluoride indie fluo-... 

However, several new organometallic fluorides have been reported, from the familiar dimer and chain structures of [(Mes)2GaF]2 and Cs[Bz2GaF2)to the hexanuclear galliumfluoride oxide, (Mes)6Ga6F404.THF (Figure la). More exotic still are two new indium fluorides,... 

Binary Compounds. The fluorides of indium are IrF [23370-59-4] IrF [37501-24-9] the tetrameric pentafluoride (IiF ) [14568-19-5], and JIrFg [7789-75-7]. Chlorides of indium include IrCl, which exists in anhydrous [10025-83-9] a- and p-forms, and as a soluble hydrate [14996-61-3], and IrCl [10025-97-5], Other haUdes include IrBr [10049-24-8], which is insoluble, and the soluble tetrahydrate IrBr -4H20 IrBr [7789-64-2]-, and Irl [7790-41-2], Iridium forms indium dioxide [12030-49-8], a poorly characteri2ed sesquioxide, 11203 [1312-46-5]-, and the hydroxides, Ir(OH)3 [54968-01-3] and Ir(OH) [25141-14-4], Other binary iridium compounds include the sulfides, IrS [12136-40-2], F2S3 [12136-42-4], IrS2 [12030-51 -2], and IrS3 [12030-52-3], as well as various selenides and teUurides. 

Unlike boron, aluminum, gallium, and indium, thallium exists in both stable univalent (thaHous) and trivalent (thaUic) forms. There are numerous thaHous compounds, which are usually more stable than the corresponding thaUic compounds. The thaUium(I) ion resembles the alkaU metal ions and the silver ion in properties. In this respect, it forms a soluble, strongly basic hydroxide and a soluble carbonate, oxide, and cyanide like the alkaU metal ions. However, like the silver ion, it forms a very soluble fluoride, but the other haUdes are insoluble. Thallium (ITT) ion resembles aluminum, gallium, and indium ions in properties. 

Apart from the fluoride, mercuric halides react explosively with potassium like all analogues of the other metals already mentioned. With mercurous salts, the reaction seems less violent since with mercurous chloride, molten potassium causes the mixture to incandesce without ever combusting. It is likely that other metals react too an extreme violent reaction was mentioned between indium and mercuric bromide. 

The reaction of an a-halo carbonyl compound with zinc, tin, or indium together with an aldehyde in water gave a direct cross-aldol reaction product (Eq. 8.90).226,227 A direct Reformatsky-type reaction occurred when an aromatic aldehyde reacted with an a-bromo ester in water mediated by zinc in low yields. Recently, it was found that such a reaction mediated by indium was successful and was promoted by son-ication (Eq. 8.91).228 The combination of BiCl3-Al,229 CdCl2-Sm,230 and Zn-Et3B-Eb0231 is also an effective mediator. Bismuth metal, upon activation by zinc fluoride, effected the crossed aldol reaction between a-bromo carbonyl compounds and aldehydes in aqueous media. The reaction was found to be regiospecific and syn-diastereoselective (Eq. 8.92).232... 

Related to the nitrile oxide cycloadditions presented in Scheme 6.206 are 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of nitrones with alkenes leading to isoxazolidines. The group of Comes-Franchini has described cycloadditions of (Z)-a-phenyl-N-methylnitrone with allylic fluorides leading to enantiopure fluorine-containing isoxazolidines, and ultimately to amino polyols (Scheme 6.207) [374]. The reactions were carried out under solvent-free conditions in the presence of 5 mol% of either scandium(III) or indium(III) triflate. In the racemic series, an optimized 74% yield of an exo/endo mixture of cycloadducts was obtained within 15 min at 100 °C. In the case of the enantiopure allyl fluoride, a similar product distribution was achieved after 25 min at 100 °C. Reduction of the isoxazolidine cycloadducts with lithium aluminum hydride provided fluorinated enantiopure polyols of pharmaceutical interest possessing four stereocenters. 

F.R. Zhu, B.L. Low, K.R. Zhang, and S.J. Chua, Lithium-fluoride-modified indium tin oxide anode for enhanced carrier injection in phenyl-substituted polymer electroluminescent devices, Appl. Phys. Lett., 79 1205-1207, 2001. 

Neumuller, B. Organometal fluorides of aluminium, gallium, indium and thallium. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1997, 158, 69-101. 

Indium oxide doped with tin oxide (indium-tin oxide (ITO)) or fluoride-doped tin oxide (often expressed as SnOaiF) are the two favoured layers of choice for most electrochemists and analysts. The thickness of such oxide layers is typically 0.3-0.6 pm, so the ITO-coated side of the electrode displays a pleasant purple sheen . 

Intramolecular cyclization of tethered phenyl ketones (58 X = Br, SiMe3) show contrasting stereochemical outcomes for indium catalysis of the alkyl bromides and fluoride ion-induced reaction of the allylsilanes. The reactions thus allow complementarity in product diastereoselectivity, and the difference appears to be related to an... 

At least for the chloride, a switch analogous to that postulated for the Cd2+ halide systems is clearly indicated, viz. from the octahedral arrangement presumed to exist in the hydrated indium (III) ion (75) to a tetrahedral halide complex. For the fluoride this interpretation might be too bold, considering the small size of the effect. 

A. The Oxide Fluorides of Boron, Aluminium, Gallium, Indium, and Thallium... 

A stable diindium compound, 2,3-butadienyldiindium tetrabromide 67, is prepared by the reaction of 1,4-dibromo-2-butyne and indium. The reaction between 67 and different carbonyl compounds in the presence of zinc fluoride gives acetyenic diol almost exclusively as a single diastereomer (Scheme 57).223... 

Except for BeF2, glasses based on divalent fluorides show a broader IR transparency than glasses based on indium or zirconium, as reported for ZnSB and ZnSBC in Fig. 1 [10]. They exhibit a full transparency up to 9 /an for the former and 10 nm for the latter which is a pure MF2 fluoride glass containing Zn, Sr, Ba, and Cd. 

The optical properties of Pr3+ ions have been studied in various fluoride glasses based on zirconium [31,43,45-47], on indium [31,43,48,49] or on zinc fluorides [48,50]. 

Erbium ions in fluoride glasses possess several radiative transitions from the violet to the mid-IR (3.45 pm) as shown in Fig. 10. Their spectroscopic parameters such as radiative lifetimes and branching ratios were determined for several types of glasses based on zirconium, indium, aluminum or even zinc fluoride [31,98-100]. 

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