Indium cations

Imidazole derivatives 380 Imperatorin 65 Impregnation of TLC layers 86 -with caffeine 86 -with silver nitrate 86 -with tungstate 86 Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene 39,85 Indicators, pH- 303 -, reagents 45 Indium cations 144 Indoleacetic acid 45... 

The complex interactions in the systems in question are evidently due to the different covalent tetrahedral radii of the cores of the atoms and the different electron affinities N (or different electronegativities) of zinc, cadmium, and indium cations [1,13], which alter the close packing of sulfur in different ways (Table 1). 

Comparisons to the known structure of indium DTPA and to other divalent metal DTPA bis-amide complexes indicate that the indium cation binds to the three amine nitrogen atoms, the four carboxylate oxygen atoms, and the one carboxairdde oxygen atom of the DTPA monoamide ligand. Addition of an acidic In chloride solution to a ly-ophilized DTPA-octreotide pellet at room temperature readily fomis In DTPA-octreotide, known clinically as OctreoScan. In a rat model of pancreatic carcinoma In DTPA-octreotide showed clear visualization of the tumors and rapid, primarily renal, clearance of the radiophamiaceutical/ Moreover, pretreatment with 1 mg of octreotide prevents uptake of " in DTPA-octreotide in the tumors and adrenal glands, an observation that verifies that this radiolabeled peptide binds to receptor sites. 

Reaction of either (Mes) 3X0 or (Mes)2lnF with BF3.0Et2 gives [ (Mes) 2ln] [BF4] in which the indium cation has octahedral C2lnF4 coordination as part of infinite chains. 

To explain these surprising results it was suggested that InO cations may occupy hidden sites in the mordenite structure that are not accessible for pyridine. Alternatively, indium ions may be bound in mordenite to five framework oxygen atoms. In this case, the coordination of trivalent indium cations would be fully saturated due to the additional oxygen atom belonging to InO. ... 

Direct. Some radionucHdes are packaged in solution for direct sampling (qv) via a septum and injection into the patient. GalHum-67 is a marker of inflammation, infection, and various tumor types. Its half-life is 78.3 h and it is suppHed as the gallium citrate salt. Indium-111 chloride is suppHed for the labeling of white blood ceUs. The In chloride is mixed with oxine (9-hydroxyquinoline) to form a lipophilic, cationic In oxine complex, which enters the white blood ceU. The complex dissociates within the ceU, and the cationic In " ion is trapped within the ceU, owing to its charge. 

The indium molybdate InnMo4o062, prepared by heating the appropriate mixture of In, Mo and M0O2 at 1100°C, features novel quasi-linear chain cations. Ins + and Ing + in channels... 

Thallium phthalocyanine (PcT12) can be obtained by heating phthalonitrile with an inter-metallic alloy of indium and thallium in an evacuated glass ampule.145 The structure of this compound is unique among metal phthalocyanines as the two thallium cations occupy two opposite corners of an octahedron, which is formed by the thallium cations and the four iso-indolinc nitrogen atoms facing the center of the macrocycle.147 Another unusual type of phthalocyanine can be prepared by heating phthalonitrile with thallium metal.148 It was identified as a bicyclic thallium(III) phthalocyanine (Pc3/2T1).14S... 

Extensive structural, optical, and electronic studies on the chalcopyrite semiconductors have been stimulated by the promising photovoltaic and photoelectrochem-ical properties of the copper-indium diselenide, CuInSe2, having a direct gap of about 1.0 eV, viz. close to optimal for terrestrial photovoltaics, and a high absorption coefficient which exceeds 10 cm . The physical properties of this and the other compounds of the family can be modulated to some extent by a slight deviation from stoichiometry. Thus, both anion and cation deficiencies may be tolerated, inducing, respectively, n- and p-type conductivities a p-type behavior would associate to either selenium excess or copper deficiency. 

One notable result is the treatment of 2-hydroxy cyclic ether analog, 2-deoxy-D-ribose with aniline in water catalyzed by InCl3 to afford the novel tricyclic tetrahydroquinoline compounds (Eq. 12.60). The reaction can also be catalyzed by recoverable cation-exchange resin instead of indium chloride.132 By using a stoichiometric amount of indium metal, a domino reaction of nitroarenes with 2,3-dihydrofuran generates the same products. 133... 

Matthews and Riley [336] determined indium in seawater at concentrations down to 1 ng/1. Preconcentration of metals on a cation exchanger was fol-... 

The SSPs are prepared by the reaction of a stabilized Cu(I) cation, with an indium(III) or gallium(III) chalcogenide anion, prepared in situ by reaction of the conjugate acid of the thiol or selenol with NaOMe in methanol (Scheme 6.1 below).1,3... 

CulnS2, CulnSe2. CuInS2 (CIS),films have been grown from mixed copper(II) chloride, indium(III) chloride cation precursor, and sodium sulfide anion precursor solutions.121122 XPS and XRD analyses revealed that, when the copper/indium concentration ratio in the solution was 1.25, a stoichiometric CIS film could be grown. The electrical parameters obtained with different copper/indium concentration ratios have been investigated.121... 

Table 7.6 cites a few sample values of y as a function of concentration. Note how multi-valent anions and cations cause y to vary more greatly than do mono-valent ions. The implications are vast if an indium electrode were to be immersed in a solution of In2(S04)3 of concentration 0.1 mol dm-3, for example, then a value of y = 0.035 means that the activity (the perceived concentration) would be about 30 times smaller ... 

Al, Ga, In and T1 differ sharply from boron. They have greater chemical reactivity at lower temperatures, well-defined cationic chemistry in aqueous solutions they do not form numerous volatile hydrides and cluster compounds as boron. Aluminium readily oxidizes in air, but bulk samples of the metal form a coherent protective oxide film preventing appreciable reaction aluminium dissolves in dilute mineral acids, but it is passivated by concentrated HN03. It reacts with aqueous NaOH, while gallium, indium and thallium dissolve in most acids. 

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