Indirect ophthalmoscopy

Diagnosis of CMV retinitis The diagnosis should be made by indirect ophthalmoscopy. Other conditions in the differential diagnosis of CMV retinitis include candidiasis, toxoplasmosis, histoplasmosis, retinal scars, and cotton wool spots, any of which may produce a retinal appearance similar to CMV. The... 

The first study involved the eyes of 11 rabbits and 5 minipigs. We compared ocular tolerance to RMN3 with that of vitrectomied eyes. Pars plana vitrectomy was performed and followed by fluorocarbon fluid injection so as to fill more than half the vitreous cavity. Nine rabbits eyes and three minipigs eyes were vitrectomied without RMN3 injection and served as controls. Clinical examination and fundus indirect ophthalmoscopy were performed weekly until the animals were sacrificed. Enucleation was performed after 7 days in 8 rabbits eyes and after... 

Retinotoxic effects associated with iontophoresis have been evaluated by slit lamp microscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, light and electron microscopy. Commonly reported toxic effects include slight retinal and choroidal bums and retinal pigment epithelial and choroidal necrosis, comeal epithelial edema, persistent corneal opacities and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration. Disadvantages of iontophoresis include side-effects such as itching, erythema and general irritation. Although the technique is found to be suitable for a... 

The use of Paremyd results in pupil size sufficient for binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy and, as with 0.5% or 1.0% tropicamide, the effect is independent of age, iris color, or skin color. No significant differences were observed in overall pupil diameter after instillation of either Paremyd alone or separate instillations of phenylephrine (2.5%) and tropicamide (0.5%). A difference in the recovery phase was observed. Pupil size decreased more rapidly as a function of time after instillation of Paremyd than after the use of 2.5% phenylephrine combined with 0.5% tropicamide when the two were administered separately. 

The cycloplegic can be administered alone or as a combination cycloplegic-mydriatic solution to permit adequate binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy in neonates, infants, and young children after cycloplegic retinoscopy. The combination drugs can be administered individually or as a combination solution. 

Patients presenting with a retinal detachment typically report an onset of flashing lights (photopsia) and floaters. Patients may also report decreased peripheral or central vision. Any patient presenting with these symptoms requires prompt dilation and a thorough examination of the central and peripheral retina. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy and indirect ophthalmoscopy with scleral depression are... 

In newborn infants the benefit of accurate assessment of gestational age by examination of the anterior vascular capsule of the lens and the value of funduscopic examination in ill premature babies must be weighed against the possible risks of the associated increase in blood pressure produced by the pupillary dilators. Since there is no increase in mydriatic effect with repeated instillation or increasing concentration, and their small body mass places premature neonates at increased risk of phenylephrine overdose, it is prudent to use the lowest possible concentration, as well as the most effective combination of mydriatics for indirect ophthalmoscopy in premature infants when such examination is absolutely necessary. The hypertensive effect is likely to be maximal at some time within the first 20 minutes, and whenever possible (or when risk factors are present) the blood pressure should be monitored. 

Experimental PVR was induced in 22 eyes of 22 pigmented rabbits as described above. At the time of fibroblast intravitreal injection, the treatment group ( = 11) received scleral plugs containing ADR and the control groups (n = 11) received no treatment. Fundus changes were observed by indirect ophthalmoscopy. 

Examination with indirect ophthalmoscopy to ensure proper location of steroid, perfusion at optic nerve, and lack of complications. 

Ricd LH, Ferraz CA. Simulation modek apphed to practical learning and skill enhancement in direct and indirect ophthalmoscopy a review. Arq Bras Oftalmol... 

The critical analysis of the physiological, functional, and anatomical responses of the eye to the introduction of exogenous compounds is an integral part of many toxicity studies. Clinical studies conducted with biomicroscopy, indirect ophthalmoscopy, and histopathology allow for the detection of anatomical changes. Electrophysiology and psychophysics provide functional measures of the visual system that complement anatomical analysis. 

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