Velocity 784 index

A f Frontal area of the bubble, cm2 b Dimensionless index B Substitution given in the text c Dimensionless index velocity of sound in the gas, cm/sec C Substitution given in the text proportionality constant [Eq. (108) chamber capacitance [Eq. (166)]... 

In an early study, Greenleaf et al. [4] reported reconstructions of ultrasonic velocity from time-of-flight profiles. Since then there has been periodic activity in using ultrasound to determine the transmission properties attenuation or refractive index. 

We begin the mathematical analysis of the model, by considering the forces acting on one of the beads. If the sample is subject to stress in only one direction, it is sufficient to set up a one-dimensional problem and examine the components of force, velocity, and displacement in the direction of the stress. We assume this to be the z direction. The subchains and their associated beads and springs are indexed from 1 to N we focus attention on the ith. The absolute coordinates of the beads do not concern us, only their displacements. 

Many of the unusual properties of the perfluorinated inert fluids are the result of the extremely low intermolecular interactions. This is manifested in, for example, the very low surface tensions of the perfluorinated materials (on the order of 9-19 mN jm. = dyn/cm) at 25°C which enables these Hquids to wet any surface including polytetrafluoroethene. Their refractive indexes are lower than those of any other organic Hquids, as are theh acoustic velocities. They have isothermal compressibilities almost twice as high as water. Densities range from 1.7 to 1.9 g/cm (l )-... 

E Bond work index kWh/Mg (hp-hyton u Settling velocity of particles cm/s ft/s... 

The index i represents the type of ion and c is its concentration. In water, the ions have velocity wY-, giving the relation ... 

The PMV index can be determined when the activity (metabolic rate) and the clothing (thermal resistance) are estimated and the following environmental parameters are measured air temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative air velocity, and partial water vapor pressure (see ISO EN 7726). 

Among the commonly used criteria is the air distribution performance index (ADPI), defined as the percentage of ItKadons where a combination of air temperature and air velocity meets comfort requirements. This criterion is based on experimental results of air diffuser performance for specifically tested room configurations. Data on the ADPI are available only for sedentary activity. 

The evaluation methods could be direct, e.g., measuring a containment index, or indirect, e.g., measuring pressure loss or velocity distribution. The direct methods are used to measure the performance of a hood or an inlet during periodic preventive maintenance. Indirect methods are used for verifying or checking on a daily basis (routine checks). How often each method is used depends on the availability of instrumentation and qualified personnel, since direct measurement of a hood s performance can be both expensive and difficult. On the other hand, indirect methods are usually easier to use and can sometimes include inexpensive, continuously monitoring instruments (pressure gauges or velocity indicators). 

Corrected effective temperature An empirical comfort index that uses the dry bulb, wet bulb, and globe temperatures and the relative air velocity in a space. 

The refractive index of a substance is, of course, a relative expression, as it refers to a second substance, which, in ordinary determinations, is always the air. The term refractive index indicates the ratio of the velocities with which light traverses the two media respectively. This is, as is easily demonstrated by a consideration of the wave theory of light, identical with the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence, and the sine of the angle of refraction, thus—... 

At very low frequencies the movement of the panel will be controlled by the stiffness, as inertia is a dynamic force and cannot come into effect until the panel has measurable velocity. Stiffness controls the performance of the panel at low frequencies until resonance occurs. As the driving frequency increases, the resonance zone is passed and we enter the mass-controlled area. The increase in the sound-reduction index with frequency is approximately linear at this point, and can be represented by Figure 42.8. 

To size the fan it is necessary to know the total air volume and the pressures in the system. These are calculated from the losses in the system on the longest or index leg, and begin with the hood. The hood entry loss can be expressed as 0.6 of the velocity head and is accurate enough for first estimates. The losses are then calculated on the velocities in the ducts. Each change of direction means a small loss in each length of duct. Added to the pressure drop loss across the collector and the outlet losses, these give the total static pressure required in the system. 

Aq and Ay, are the areas of the pipe and valve throat, respectively, at a particular point in the valve opening range. As with the velocity and pressure at the throat, the area Ay cannot usually be measured. However Oy is also related to the upstream cavitation index Oq when the flow in the valve is choked . In the valve context this is the condition which exists when further reduction of the downstream pressure fails to increase the flow through the valve. The value of Oy is given by the expression ... 

Refractive index is the ratio of the velocity of light in free space to the velocity of light in the medium. 

Dispersion is a property of an optical material which causes some wavelengths of light to be transmitted through the material at different velocities and the velocity is a function of the wavelength. This causes each wavelength of light to have a different refractive index. 

Such simple considerations led Scholten and Konvalinka to confirm the form of the dependence of the reaction velocity on the pressure, as had been observed in their experiments. Taking into account a more realistic situation, on the polycrystalline hydride surface with which a hydrogen molecule is dealing when colliding and subsequently being dissociatively adsorbed, we should assume rather a different probability of an encounter with a hydride center of a /3-phase lattice, an empty octahedral hole, or a free palladium atom—for every kind of crystallite orientation on the surface, even when it is represented, for the sake of simplicity, by only the three low index planes. 

Domestic heating coil internal corrosion. Where naturally soft or lean city water is supplied and the Langelier Saturation Index (LSI) is below -1.0, acid corrosion takes place as a result of the acidic nature of the water. This water often has a high dissolved gas content, which additionally leads to pinhole corrosion. Where water velocities are too high (say, over 6 ft/s 1.8 m/s) the protective oxide layer is stripped off and erosion corrosion takes place. 

The effect of power-law index on the velocity profile is seen by plotting equation 3.134 for various values of n, as shown in Figure 3.39. 

If the velocity profile is the same for all stream velocities, the shear stress must be defined by specifying the velocity ux at any distance y from the surface. The boundary layer thickness, determined by the velocity profile, is then no longer an independent variable so that the index of < in equation 11.25 must be zero or ... 

A liquid w hose rheology can be represented by the power law model is flowing under streamline conditions through a pipe of 5 mm diameter. If the mean velocity of flow in I nt/s and the velocity at the pipe axis is 1.2 m/s, what is the value of the power law index n ... 

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