INDEX curves

The coupling coefficients vs. the SRI are reported in Fig. 3.6 b-d for overlay thicknesses of 200, 250, 300 nm, respectively, always with the same coating index of 1.578. From these figures, it can be clearly inferred that increasing the overlay thickness the coupling coefficients curves shift toward lower SRIs as it happens for the effective refractive index curves. 

In principle, it would be logical to combine plots of the buffer index curves of each of the buffer components of milk and thus obtain a plot which could be compared with that actually found for milk. It is not difficult, of course, to conclude that the principal buffer components are phosphate, citrate, bicarbonate, and proteins, but quantitative assignment of the buffer capacity to these components proves to be rather difficult. This problem arises primarily from the presence of calcium and magnesium in the system. These alkaline earths are present as free ions as soluble, undissociated complexes with phosphates, citrate, and casein and as colloidal phosphates associated with casein. Thus precise definition of the ionic equilibria in milk becomes rather complicated. It is difficult to obtain ratios for the various physical states of some of the components, even in simple systems. Some concentrations must be calculated from the dissociation constants, whose... 

Fig. 7.48 Theoretical SWVC (2sw/2f) - ( index — curves calculated from Eq. (7.115).

The experimental verification of the theoretical predictions for reversible and quasi-reversible behavior can be seen in Fig. 7.49, where the Qsw — E index curves (symbols) are plotted corresponding to the di-electronic reduction of the system Anthraquinone-2-carboxylic acid (2-AQCA) 10 pM in HCIO4 1.0 M. These curves have been obtained for different values of the square wave pulse amplitude and for two values of the pulse time length t 5 (reversible, Fig. 7.49a, b) and 0.5 ms (quasi-reversible, Fig. 7.49c, d). 

Measurements taken at wave lengths near 740 m/i and 860 are also uncertain, because of the abrupt changes in refractive index associated with such absorption bands. Instrumental inadequacies magnify the anomalous refractive-index effects associated with these bands. As a practical method, most laboratories determine an absorbancy-index curve similar to that shown in Fig. 2, which, thereafter, is used for correcting measurements (made against water in the reference cell) to the colorless sucrose standard. This curve is actually also a calibration of the instrument, and, as the two effects may not always be applicable, occasional anomalies may be encountered. 

Concentration-refractive index curves at 15°, 20°, and 25° C. were plotted from these values. It was found that the points were uniformly below a straight line joining the values for the pure compounds at the given temperature. From the average curve drawn from each temperature the values in Table Et7 were read off... 

Fig. 3 Relationship between chargeability factor Fig. 4 Resistivity index curves as a function of...

Electro engineering, the chemical industry, and motor vehicle production are the growth branches, the construction and furniture industries are showing a downwards productiOTi index curve. Adhesive manufacturers will therefore concentrate development efforts on the first-mentioned areas. 

These two sets of conditions are often referred to as selective and nonse-lective, respectively. The main practical effect is that under so-called selective conditions, the fat produced melts more rapidly with increasing temperature than under nonselective conditions, that is, it has a steeper solid fat index curve. 

In 1970, Goda presented a diagram of breaker index curves of regular waves for four bed slopes, based on the laboratory data from eight sources, which included his own large-scale tests with Hb = 0.43 to 0.93m Rattanapitikon et al did not... 

It is clear in Fig. 4.1 that the value of the breaker index increases as the bed slope becomes steep. Thus, it is absolutely necessary to incorporate the slope effect into the breaker index formula. Because the experimental data are scattered around the index curves, the upper and lower bound curves with the range of 87%-115% of the value by Eq. (4.6) are drawn in Fig. 4.1. 

For low activity runs caused by catalyst poisons the ethylene concentration of the fragment (equal size) should be expected to be high and therefore melt index to be low. Actually, it does not seem that catalyst poisons influence the yield - melt index curve of fig. 4. So the effect of catalyst poisons does not support this explanation. 

Fig. 8.13. Solid Fat Index curves of butter, stick and tub margarine fats, and a general-purpose shortening.

Fig. 8.14. Solid Fat Index curves of cocoa butter, cocoa butter equivalent (CBE, used as an extender), and higher-temperature-melting cocoa butter substitutes (CBSs).

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