INDEX Accretions

Pig producers mainly try to approach maximal rates of lean tissue deposition and carcass index values by providing diets formulated to meet all of the known requirements. In the growing period, protein accretion increases as the supply of limiting amino acids increases (Heger et al., 2002). The dose-effect ratio can be subdivided into the nutrition-dependent phase, which is substantially linear, and the plateau phase, which is independent of nutrition supply and whose maximum depends on features of the animals, primarily characterised by the genotype (Susenbeth, 2002). 

Class II. Sources with spectral index —1.5 < cyir < 0. These are pre-main-sequence stars with observable accretion discs (classical T Tauri stars). 

Soil—water nutrient exchange rates Substrate-induced respiration Arginine mineralization Microbial diversity Cellular fatty adds rRNA sequence analysis Organic matter accretion rates Cs-137 and Pb-210 profiles Phosphate sorption index Equilibrium phosphorous concentration (EPCo)... 

Index-linked gilts, like all other linkers covered in this chapter, are known as capital indexed bonds, where the income and principal are adjusted for changes in a consumer price index, subject to a lag. In the United Kingdom, the index is the RPI and the lag is eight months. The market trades on a clean price basis, with the quoted price a cash price (not a real price), including inflation accretion. 

Corporate index-linked do not enjoy this inflation relief. The inflation uplift is taxable—that is, no inflation credit is applied. However, certain issuers might be able to obtain an exemption from this tax. The UK s Inland Revenue decided that since corporate issuers are allowed to offset the inflation uplift against taxable income, in the year that it accretes, then corporate linker investors should not receive inflation relief. As we have said, this is not an issue for pension funds who are the main holders. 

As noted above, index bonds differ in whether their principal payments or their coupons or both are linked to the index. When the principal alone is linked, each coupon and the final principal payment are determined by the ratio of two values of the relevant index. U.S. TIPS coupon payments, for instance, are calculated using an accretion factor based on the ratio between two CPI-U levels, defined by equation (12.1). 

---