Incident levels

Planning Guide for Determining Incident Levels, Response and Training... 

TABLE 7.3.1 Damage Caused at Various Incident Levels of Themial Radiation"... 

Roy RR, Albert RH, Wilson P, et al. 1995. U.S. Food and Drug Administration pesticide program Incidence/level monitoring of domestic and imported pears and tomatoes. J AOAC Int 78(4) 930-940. 

TABLE 22.8. Average Number of Animals Needed to Detect a Significant Increase in the Incidence of an Event (tumors, anomalies, etc.) over the Background Incidence (control) at Several Expected Incidence Levels Using the Fisher Exact Probability Test (p = 0.05)... 

AAdien a sequence of errors and failures propagate to the incident level, enough precursor occurrences have occurred to indicate that the current chain of occurrences represents a systemic problem. Systemic problems should not be blamed on an individual. Instead, management must find the system weaknesses and fix them before the next individual... 

Daily Intake (ADI/TDI), or Reference Dose (RfD) these terms are addressed in detail in Chapter 5. As an alternative to the traditional NOAEL approach, the Benchmark Dose (BMD) (a model-derived estimate or its lower conhdence limit of a particular incidence level, see Section 4.2.5) for the critical effect has been proposed for use in the quantitative assessment of the dose-response. 

Chromosomal aberrations in peripheral lymphocytes from underground miners have also been reported at significantly increased incidence levels. Peripheral lymphocyte chromosomes from 80 underground uranium miners were studied. Significantly,... 

Table 2 Average number of animals needed to detect a significant increase in the incidence of an event (e.g., tumors and anomalies) over the background incidence (control) at several expected incidence levels using the Fisher exact probability test (p=0.05)...

The incidence, that is the number of new cases reported per year, ranges from 4.2 per 100,000 women per year in the UK to 12.0 per 100,000 per year in the US. The incidence among 15-24-year-old women appears to have risen since 1974. After the age of 25, the incidence levels off to approximately 5 new cases per 100,000 women per year (Hoek and van Hoeken 2003). 

Ren, Q. T.W. Pfeiffer S.A. Ghabrial. Soybean mosaic virus incidence level and infection time Interaction effects on soybean. Crop Sci. 1997b, 37, 1706-1711. 

It is clear that, cigarette smoking aside, lung cancer occurs at a very low incidence level in the population. This may be at least as true in an animal population. Researchers at the Frau-enhofer Institute have initiated or primed hamsters in order to make them more likely to develop respiratory tract tumors. In studies with diesel engine exhausts, they were able to demonstrate a significant increase of tumors due to diesel emission... 

The effect of varying PAD on the fluorescence induction curves is shown in Fig.2. Decreasing PAD the incident level of fluorescence decreases, the initial tip disappears, PQ reduction time is longer and the final level of fluorescence (proportional to the PQH/PQ ratio) is lower. When PAD was assumed to be very high it was impossible to see the kinetics of PQ reduction during the light pulse as the fluorescence was almost constant (PAD = 2000 10 M" s in Fig.2). 

Activities and programs designed to return operations at a site to pre-incident levels as quickly as possible. See also Response. 

During 1994 there were 127 events at the 29 units in operation. As to the international estimate of the events, only 13 of the above 127 incidents can be classified by the INES 1 incident - level 2, 12 incidents -level 1. 

Significant differences have been found in the vibration- rotation distribution of excited N2(C Ilu) molecules formed by excitation transfer from Ai<3pq 2 ) to nitrogen molecules [109,110]. A somewhat hotter vibrational distribution is found for the 3 PqO incident level from variable temperature studies, this is ascribed, at least in part, to energy resonance effects [110]. Unequal N2(C) spin and A doublet populations, which also depended on the Ar initial level, were deduced from high-resolution studies of die C-B emission [109]. These variations gave rise to an even-odd N alternation in the rotational populations and were explained as arising from dynamical constraints, including the dominance of planar ArNN collisions and the preferential population of A doublets whose electronic distribution is symmetric with respect to reflection in the plane of rotation. 

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