In photographic processes

Metal salts of A-4-thiazoline-2-thione are used in the rubber industry Zn salts (123, 152), Pb and Mg salts (54). Cd salts (151, 324), Cu salts (325), in photographic processes (146). and in analysis (328). Zn, Ni, Co and Cd salts are used as germicides (329). Despite their wide range of application, little is known about their physical and chemical properties. 

Able to form Ag salt of lower solubility than AgQ in H2O. Therefore applications in photographic processes Inhibition of histidine decarboxylase activity Antifoggant for color films Anthelmintic activity Quenching for oil composition caialj si for the industrial isomerization of cis a, (3 unsaturaied carboxylic acids rubber vul-cankzate improver... 

Tetrasodium hexakiscyanoferrate decahydrate [14434-22-1], Na4[Fe(CN)g] IOH2O, or yellow pmssiate of soda, forms yellow monoclinic crystals that are soluble in water but insoluble in alcohol. It is slightly efflorescent at room temperature, but the anhydrous material, tetrasodium hexakiscyanoferrate [13601 -19-9], Na4[Fe(CN)J, is obtained at 100°C. The decahydrate is produced from calcium cyanide, iron(II) sulfate, and sodium carbonate in a process similar to that for the production of K4[Fe(CN)g] 3H2O. It is used in the manufacture of trisodium hexakiscyanoferrate, black and blue dyes, as a metal surface coating, and in photographic processing. 

Polymers. AH nitro alcohols are sources of formaldehyde for cross-linking in polymers of urea, melamine, phenols, resorcinol, etc (see Amino RESINS AND PLASTICS). Nitrodiols and 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitro-l,3-propanediol can be used as polyols to form polyester or polyurethane products (see Polyesters Urethane polymers). 2-Methyl-2-nitro-l-propanol is used in tires to promote the adhesion of mbber to tire cord (qv). Nitro alcohols are used as hardening agents in photographic processes, and 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitro-l,3-propanediol is a cross-linking agent for starch adhesives, polyamides, urea resins, or wool, and in tanning operations (17—25). Wrinkle-resistant fabric with reduced free formaldehyde content is obtained by treatment with... 

An industrial application is provided by a reaction important in photographic processing. On exposure to light, the silver halide in photo-... 

Ammonium thiocyanate is used as an ingredient in antibiotic preparations, pesticides, liquid rocket fuels, adhesives, and matches. It is also used in photographic processes, to improve the strength of silks, and as a weed killer. 

Crystals of silver iodide (Agl), in addition to being useful in photographic processing, are used to seed clouds. The atmospheric conditions (humidity and such) must be right for this to work because the tiny crystals act as nuclei on which moisture can condense with the expectation that the small droplets will become heavy enough to drop to earth—as rain. 

The chemical uses of diazoazoles can be divided into two classes. The first, actually very limited, involves the applications of the diazo compounds themselves. The second one implies the use of the diazoazoles as key intermediates for the synthesis of biologically interesting systems such as triazenes, azolo-triazines and azolo-tetrazines, and azo dyes, which are useful in photographic processes or in the texile industry. 2-Diazo-4,5-dicyanoimidazole has found application as an explosive (73USP3770764). 

Based on the excellent solubility and reducing properties of amine boranes, they are often used for the stabilization and purification of industrial materials. Further, they are applied as additives in hydrocarbon fuels and in lubricating oils, as polymerization catalysts, as ingredients in photographic processing and in the electroplating industry.169 High stability towards hydrolysis and oxidation makes cationic boron chelates useful as water-soluble dyes.170... 

These groups include establishments engaged in printing by one or more of the common practices such as letterpress, lithography, gravure or screen and in photographic processes, specifically developing. 

The use of heterocyclic compounds in photographic processes is vital in order to achieve the high quality products known today. In this account, the various ways in which heterocyclic compounds are used are described. 

How can one verify, just by looking at the Latimer diagram of silver, that sodium thiosulfate (hypo) is useful in photographic processes that require the removal of excess, wrested silver halide Is this process (fixing) actually a redox reaction Explain... 

Benzofuran derivatives such as 2-cyanobenzofuran-5-sulfonic acid esters and amides have found wide application as color developers in photographic processes (44USP2350127). The substituted benzofurans (507), (508) and (509) are used as brightening agents in textiles, wool, paper, cellulose and nylon (53MI31201). 

That bromine is relatively a less important element from the standpoint of its applications may be seen from the fact that the annual production of bromine in this country is only about one-twentieth that of chlorine. At the present time, the chief use of bromine is in the manufacture of ethylene dibromide (C2H4Br2), which is used in the production of high-test gasolines. Bromine is also used in the production of other bromine compounds. Thus, potassium bromide is used medicinally as a sedative and silver bromide is used in photographic processes, while other compounds of bromine are used in the production of dyes. 

NOTE 1 This formula is often incorrectly published showing only 0.4 grams of potassium bromide.The correct formula was published by Ilford when it was introduced in I960, and in 1966 by L.F.A. Mason, the head of research at Ilford, in Photographic Processing Chemistry, Focal Press. 

Each of the possible hydroxy- and mercaptothiazoles has been described. Seleno-2-thiazole has been used for silver halide emulsions in photographic processes (1). but little is known of its properties (2). Since the 2-substituted compounds have been studied more extensively, thev are considered first. 

---