In-degree

Spirits are described as so many degrees over proof (OP) or under proof (UP). Sometimes, for alcoholic liquors, spirit strength is given in degrees proof, e.g. proof spirit is 100° proof and 70° proof 30° under proof (i.e. a solution eontaining 70% of proof spirit). 

Specific gravity is important commercially because the crude oil price depends partly on this property. The specific gravity is expressed most often in degrees API (see Chapters 1 and 4). 

Oil gravity is most commonly expressed in degrees API, a measure defined by the American Petroleum Institute as... 

Fig. XV-1. Plots of t/CRT vs. C for a fractionated poly(methyl acrylate) polymer at the indicated temperatures in degrees Celsius. [From A. Takahashi, A. Yoshida, and M. Kawaguchi, Macromolecules, 15, 1196 (1982) (Ref. 1). Copyright 1982, American Chemical Society.]...

Fig. XV-6. Pressure-area isotherms for a synthetic lecithin at the indicated temperatures in degrees Celsius. [From H. E. Ries, Jr., M. Matsumoto, N. Uyeda, and E. Suito, Adv. Chem. Ser, No. 144, ACS, 1975, p. 286 (Ref. 37). Copyright 1975, American Chemical Society.]...

Fig. XVII-1. Adsorption of N2 on rutile temperatures indicated are in degrees Kelvin. (a) Low-pressure region (b) high-pressure region. (From Ref. 1.).

The point z can also be located by establishing polar coordinates in the complex plane where r is the radius vector and 0 is the phase angle. Draw suitable polar coordinates for the Argand plane. What is r for the point 7 = 3 + 4i7 What is 0 in degrees and radians ... 

Stem correction (in degrees) = KN(t — t ) where K = the apparent expansion coefficient of mercury in glass ... 

Line 3 H 1 HC 2 A indicates that the third atom is a hydrogen with a distance of HC to the first atom and an angle between the third, first, and second atoms of A (in degrees). 

Fig. Vl-4. Geometry of thiazole ring in 2-arniro-4-phenylthiazole hydrobromide. Italicized values are interatomic distances (A) other numbers are angles in degrees. From Ref. 342.

R. 1-6. Molecular structure of thiazoie ix>nd lengths in A (left), bond angles in degrees (right). 

All boiling points and melting points cited are in degrees Celsius... 

Alcoholometer. This hydrometer is used in determining the density of aqueous ethyl alcohol solutions the reading in degrees is numerically the same as the percentage of alcohol by volume. The scale known as Tralle gives the percentage by volume. Wine and Must hydrometer relations are given below. 

The column (or line entry) headed a gives the volume of gas (in milliliters) measured at standard conditions (0°C and 760 mm or 101.325 kN dissolved in 1 mL of water at the temperature stated (in degrees Celsius) and when the pressure of the gas without that of the water vapor is 760 mm. The line entry A indicates the same quantity except that the gas itself is at the uniform pressure of 760 mm when in equilibrium with water. 

Numerous mathematical formulas relating the temperature and pressure of the gas phase in equilibrium with the condensed phase have been proposed. The Antoine equation (Eq. 1) gives good correlation with experimental values. Equation 2 is simpler and is often suitable over restricted temperature ranges. In these equations, and the derived differential coefficients for use in the Hag-genmacher and Clausius-Clapeyron equations, the p term is the vapor pressure of the compound in pounds per square inch (psi), the t term is the temperature in degrees Celsius, and the T term is the absolute temperature in kelvins (r°C -I- 273.15). 

The SI unit of viscosity is pascal-second (Pa s) or newton-second per meter squared (N s m ). Values tabulated are mN s (= centipoise, cP). The temperature in degrees Celsius at which the viscosity of a... 

The temperature in degrees Celsius at which the dielectric constant and dipole moment were measured is shown in this table in parentheses after the value. In some cases, the dipole moment was determined with the substance dissolved in a solvent, and the solvent used is also shown in parentheses after the temperature. 

AHt, enthalpy of transition (at temperature specified, superscript, measured in degrees Celsius) in kJ mol ... 

The gas permeability constant is the amount of gas expressed in cubic centimeters passed in 1 s through a 1-cm area of film when the pressure across a film thickness of 1 cm is 1 cmHg and the temperature is 25°C. All tabulated values are multiplied by 10 and are in units of seconds" (centimeters of Hg) k Other temperatures are indicated by exponents and are expressed in degrees Celsius. 

The cryoscopic constant Kj gives the depression of the melting point AT (in degrees Celsius) produced when 1 mol of solute is dissolved in 1000 g of a solvent. It is applicable only to dilute solutions for which the number of moles of solute is negligible in comparison with the number of moles of solvent. It is often used for molecular weight determinations. 

When a thermometer which has been standardized for total immersion is used with a part of the liquid column at a temperature below that of the bulb, the reading is low and a correction must be applied. The stem correction, in degrees Celsius, is given by... 

Accurate mass measurement requires high resolving power. The difference in degrees of difficulty between measuring an m/z of 28 and one of 28.000 is likely to be large. Table 39.3 shows the broad mass ranges achievable with various analyzers. 

In this expression, cos 0 is the average value of cos 0 the weighting factor used to evaluate the average is given by the Boltzmann factor exp(-V /RT), where R is the gas constant in the units of and T is in degrees Kelvin. Note that the correction factor introduced by these considerations reduces to unity if... 

Figure 2.10 is drawn on log-log coordinates more than two orders of magnitude in degree of polymerization are covered. 

Remember that in this relationship, as in all thermodynamic equations, temperature must be expressed in degrees Kelvin. 

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