Importance of temperature

Attention is directed to the importance of temperature control in conductance measurements. While the use of a thermostat is not essential in conductimetric titrations, constancy of temperature is required but it is usually only necessary to place the conductivity cell in a large vessel of water at the laboratory temperature. 

The importance of temperature-controlled scanning calorimetry for measurements of heat capacity and of scanning transitiometry for simultaneous caloric and pVT analysis has been demonstrated for polymorphic systems [9]. This approach was used to study an enantiotropic system characterized by multiphase (and hindered) transitions, the role of heat capacity as a means to understand homogeneous nucleation, and the creation of (p, T) phase diagrams. The methodology was shown to possess distinct advantages over the more commonly used combination of characterization techniques. 

The Importance of Temperature and Light Rates of Organic Reactions... 

Today, AIMD is extensively applied in different fields of computational chemistry and, certainly, because cell functions occur at approximately 310 K, its use in life sciences seems particularly appropriate, because of the importance of temperature effects in biological systems. In this respect AIMD, which accounts explicitly for the dynamic behavior at finite temperature, can be considered one of the methods of choice when performing DFT-based simulations in theoretical medicinal chemistry. Further details about AIMD and its applications in biological chemistry are available elsewhere [11]. 

The importance of temperature measurement can even be seen simplistically by consideration of the financial aspects of the sensors and devices used worldwide. Estimates on the worldwide sales oftemperature sensors run to several hundred million dollars per year,(1) a figure that could be increased several times when the associated controllers, indicators, and other aspects of the measurement system are added. 

Now recall the reaction between mercury and oxygen. It favours the formation of HgO below about 400°C, but the decomposition of HgO above 400°C. This reaction highlights the importance of temperature to favourable change. Enthalpy, entropy, and temperature are linked in a concept called free energy. 

The importance of temperature control of the GPC column cannot be overstated. The use of temperatures above ambient results in lower mobile-phase viscosity, which in turn reduces the back pressure generated by the column. Column life is prolonged, and in some cases higher flow rates may be employed. The reduction in mobile-phase viscosity improves both the rate and efficiency of mass transfer processes, enhancing column performance. While... 

To get better insight into the importance of temperature selection, we have recorded a series of NOESY spectra of cyclo(Pro-Gly) at different temperatures. The dashed lines in fig. 6 show theoretical dependence of the laboratory frame cross-relaxation rate on the correlation time (according to... 

Estimate the diffusivity of the 10 compounds from problem 3 at 1°C. Compare and explain the importance of temperature to diffusion in water versus the importance of temperature to diffusion in air. 

The stability of both the racemate and isolated enantiomer was re-investigated, and although the materials were stable at ambient temperature, at >40 °C care would be required as epimerizahon could occur. This finding highlighted the importance of temperature control and monitoring during the isolation, but also indicated that it might be possible to introduce a simple procedure to effect racemization of the unwanted enantiomer. 

Another proof of the importance of temperature is the fact that there is often a strict relationship between the run of isovols and the run of isotherms in deep profiles, both being influenced no doubt by the varying thermal conductivity of the different rocks. The strong influence of temperature on the rank of coal is obvious in the case of contact-metamorphic coals, whose rank increases distinctly when approaching the intrusive body. Apart from these geological observations, all experiments on artificial coalification have shown that temperature is the decisive factor in the coalification process. Thermodynamic and reaction kinetic considerations (9) also support this opinion. 

The importance of temperature control is significant for laboratory comparisons, accelerated shelf-life studies, and packaging requirements. Also, temperature may be essential when measuring aw levels near critical values, especially for government regulations or critical control points. The precision required in water activity applications will determine the need for temperature control. Several reasons for sample temperature control are ... 

In other conversions, better yields (Scheme 2) and product selectivity (Scheme 3) are obtained at lower temperatures.62 In the case of the Koch-Haaf butane carbonylation, it was noted the importance of temperature on the equilibria between the. sec-butyl and tert -butyl cations and their derived acyl cations. Besides providing better yields and product... 

In this equation q0 is the initial oxidation rate in cu cm of oxygen consumed (N.T.P.) per 100 g of dry anthracite coal at 20.93 percent oxygen, T the temperature in deg C, and d the diameter of the particles in mm. Eq (12-18) is empirical. If the oxidation were precisely proportional to the surface, the exponent of d would be —1. It is interesting to note the importance of temperature. Small variations in temperature will produce large changes in the value of qo. Scott and Jones stressed the importance of constant temperature during tests. 

Johnson, M. T., Liss, P. S., BeU, T. G., Lesworth, T. J., Baker, A. R., Hind, A. J., and JickeUs, T. D. (2008). Field observations of ocean-atmosphere exchange of ammonia A comparison of high and low latitudes reveals the fundamental importance of temperature. Global Biogeochem. Cycles 22, GB1019, doi 10.1029/2007GB003039. 

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