Implied operation

Double-resonance spectroscopy involves the use of two different sources of radiation. In the context of EPR, these usually are a microwave and a radiowave or (less common) a microwave and another microwave. The two combinations were originally called ENDOR (electron nuclear double resonance) and ELDOR (electron electron double resonance), but the development of many variations on this theme has led to a wide spectrum of derived techniques and associated acronyms, such as ESEEM (electron spin echo envelope modulation), which is a pulsed variant of ENDOR, or DEER (double electron electron spin resonance), which is a pulsed variant of ELDOR. The basic principle involves the saturation (partially or wholly) of an EPR absorption and the subsequent transfer of spin energy to a different absorption by means of the second radiation, leading to the detection of the difference signal. The requirement of saturability implies operation at close to liquid helium, or even lower, temperatures, which, combined with long experimentation times, produces a... 

The low-temperature process, as its name implies, operates at a relatively low temperature where the exothermic heat of the direct chlorination reaction is removed by cooling water. The natural circulation is driven by the gas lift effect of the gaseous feeds before solution and the density differences of a cooler leg that has a relatively higher liquid density than the reactor leg. 

Pressurized fluidized-bed combustion (PFBC) is, as the name implies, operated at above atmospheric pressures. The beds and... 

It is important to point out that the quality of analytical results is not immediate it can only be achieved if an extensive set of measures are adopted and complied with. Therefore, in parallel to the development of the QA concept, QC systems were introduced as an important tool supporting the QA of chemical measurements. The QC process of examination of laboratory performance in time should always follow QA. QC thus comprises a set of operational techniques and activities used to check whether the requirements for quality are fulfilled. In practice, QC in an analytical chemistry laboratory implies operations carried out daily during the collection, preparation, and analysis of samples, which are designed to ensure that the laboratory can provide accurate and precise results. QC procedures are intended to ensure the quality of results for specific samples or batches of samples and include the analysis of reference materials (RMs), blind samples, blanks, spiked samples, duplicate, and other control samples.2... 

A suitable method for the determination of pilocarpine (7) and its degradation products (8, 16,17) requires a technique with a high specificity and sensitivity that can operate under mild conditions. Many methods lack at least one of these requirements. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a cation-exchange resin still suffers from some drawbacks (58,76,77). The use of these resins implies operating conditions (pH 9) where pilocarpine is known to undergo alkali-catalyzed hydrolysis, and the... 

Lifecycle concepts also operate at varying application levels - at a management system level, a program level, or an analytical technique level. Life cycle management (LCM), as the name implies, operates at the highest of these... 

We have ased = t —. etc. The commutator of /, and / is Oxh hh)- We note that the operations always imply operation on a function. We form... 

Overfilling coke drums implies operator negligence. If, after a foamover, the measured height of coke below the top head (i.e., the outage) is less than 10 ft, the cause of the foamover is obviously overfilling. 

Notice that Equation 4.20 does not necessarily imply operation of a plant at location m in period t instead, it simply requires plant operation to be preceded by or coincide with plant construction. In other words, if a plant is built at location m in period t, operation at plant m may corrunence in period t or later. 

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