Impedance difference

At two different temperatures, 7 , and T2, a rough approximation of Equation 6.18 could allow estimation of the AC impedance differences by... 

Liquid with dye In experiments where a dye (consisting of permanganate ions) was introduced into a covered water-filled well on the device, circulation of the water was evident. This test was performed to eliminate the possibility that the flow seen earlier was being caused by radiation pressure acting on the marker spheres (whose acoustic impedance differs from that of the liquid). 

The shear stresses developed by streaming velocities may affect the neighbouring tissue structures. Acoustic streaming may be important when the medium has an acoustic impedance different from that of its surroundings, the fluid in the biological medium is free to move or oontinuous waves are applied. 

The sonographic technique is based on reflection) it works by measuring and portraying differences of impedance. Differences in acoustic characteristics of structures and tissues are the basis of sonographic differentiation. 

The medium has an acoustic impedance different from its surroundings. 

If a cable is terminated with an impedance different from Z, a part of the signal is reflected at the load and travels back to the source. If the source is also mismatched, the signal is reflected again and appears at the output after twice the cable transit time. Depending on the relation of the pulse width to the cable length, and the source and load impedance (which may be not purely resistive), the resulting pulse shapes can be very different. 

This is dependent on the acoustic impedance difference between the materials at the feature interface. The acoustic impedance Z is defined as... 

The current consumption is measured to check whether all the components are working correctly or not. The zero value for this parameter means the transmitter is not working. Moreover, any variation of the measured value above the limits would represent that one or more components are consuming an abnormal value, so they are not working correctly. It is worthwhile to mention that components such as capacitors may present before short circuit failure a transient state where their impedance differs from the nominal value (EN50129 and MIL-HDBK-338B). 

While such an approach is feasible, it should be applied with great care. A very simple example will illustrate what can easily go wrong and undetected by operators whose intellectual capacity is limited to comparing numbers. In Fig. 5.37a we show the typical backscattered fields in vector form from each triad similar to the case in Fig. 5.8. Recall that the fields scattered from the two edge triads are quite different from the rest if all the triads are loaded with identical load resistors Rl- This was simply because the terminal impedances of the edge triads were in a different element environment, resulting in terminal impedances different from the rest. 

The specific acoustic impedance, Z, is the resistance of a medium to the propagation of a sound wave. It can be defined as the ratio of acoustic pressure to the so-called particle velocity at a single frequency (McClements, 1997). At an interface, the proportion of wave energy transmitted or reflected depends on the difference in impedance between the two media. Consequently, this difference determines the coupling between emitting surface and the treated medium. If the impedance difference is large, the proportion of energy reflected will be important and the ultrasound effects will be mainly localized at the interface. However, if the... 

The term "operating impedance" is defined as the complex ratio of the voltage applied to a load to the current flowing in the load when it is operating under normal power and in its normal environment. In many cases, this impedance differs substantially from the "self-impedance" or "cold impedance" of the load. In antenna systems a radiator has a certain self-impedance when operating alone. When it is combined in an array to form a directional antenna, its operating impedance may differ substantially from its self-impedance because of coupled impedance from other radiators of the array. 

These very positive data address only the lithium capacity, regardless of ceU impedance difference. Resistance increase as seen in Figure 16 would reduce the available energy, depending on the drain of application, and limit the available peak power. 

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