Immunization strategies

For intracellular immunization strategies of hepatitis B and C, lentiviral vectors have been tested (Matskevich et al. 2003 Parouchev et al. 2006). However, as the turnover of hepatocytes is thought to be much slower than that of HPC or T cells, nonintegrating vectors that carry a reduced risk of insertional mutagenesis are favored (Nowak et al. 1996). 

From Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. A Comprehensive Immunization Strategy to Eliminate Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in the United States. Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) Part 1 Immunization of Infants, Children, and Adolescents. http //www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/rr5416a1. htm s cid=rr5416a1 e. 

Figure 17 Generation, by the reactive immunization strategy, of antibody SP049H that catalyzes the hydrolysis of phosphonate diester 24 and that of ester 25.

Figure 19 A success of the reactive immunization strategy. Aldolization reaction catalyzed by antibody 38C2 raised against a /3-, 3-diketone hapten.

Scheme 4.8 Hapten 17, designed to combine transition state mimicry and reactive immunization strategies, produced an aldolase antibody (84C3) that promotes aldol reactions with typically higher rates and selectivitiesthan antibodies raised against 15. The retro-aldol reaction of 18 is catalyzed with notable efficiency by this antibody.

Immunization Strategies with Anti-Endotoxin Vaccines... 

Memaugh, R.L., Bright, R.K, and Kennedy, R.C. (1992). Active immunization strategies using anti-idiotypic antibodies. In Vaccines New Approaches to Immunological Problems. R.W.Ellis, ed. (Boston Butterworth-Heinemann), pp. 391 404. 

Reactive immunization strategy generates antibodies with high... 

Different vaccines and immunization strategies have been evaluated in Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden (5). Few places outside Scandinavia have collected data on Hib immunization programs for so long (more than a decade has elapsed since universal Hib immunization was initiated in Scandinavia) and with similar accuracy. Phase 3 studies with PRP-D-Hib vaccine were done in Finland in the late 1980s, and PRP-D-Hib vaccine has been the only vaccine used in Iceland. HbOC vaccine was first compared with PRP-D-Hib vaccine in Finland and then reintroduced to the primary health-care system as the only Hib vaccine used. Finally, PRP-T-Hib vaccine was first temporarily used in Finland, and then as almost the only vaccine in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden. Besides the different conjugate vaccines, the immunization programs have differed in other aspects, such as immunization schedule and administration of vaccines (separate versus simultaneous administration with other vaccines, such as DT, DTP, DTaP, IPV, or MMR). 

Some other industrialized countries that use OPV in their routine immunization programs, and which had no wild poliomyelitis cases for many years but some vaccine-associated poliomyelitis, are reassessing their immunization strategy. They are considering new concepts of shifting from OPV to IPV or from OPV to mixed schedules. This change could help to prevent vaccine-associated poliomyelitis mostly occurring after the first dose of OPV immunization. 

Active Immunization Strategies Effects in Mouse Models... 

Tabira T (2010) Immunization therapy for Alzheimer disease A comprehensive review of active immunization strategies. Tohoku J Exp Med 220 95-106... 

The hapten was designed to trap the requisite Lys residue in the active site and then form the essential enamine intermediate 65 by dehydration of the tetrahedral carbinolamine intermediate 66. The trapping of a nucleophile in antibodybinding sites for enhanced efficiency of antibody catalysis had previously been reported by Wirsching and co-workers [75] and has been dubbed reactive immunization . By utihzing this reactive immunization strategy, two antibodies. 

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