Immobilized Cell Bioreactor

Rothenbnrger S, RM Atlas (1993) Hydroxylation and biodegradation of 6-methylquinoline by psendomonads in aqneons and nonaqueous immobilized-cell bioreactors. Appl Environ Microbiol 59 2139-2144. 

FIGURE 18.13 Allied Signal Immobilized Cell Bioreactor (ICB). 

Borja, R. and Banks, C J., Semicontinuous anaerobic digestion of soft drink wastewater in immobilized cell bioreactors, Biotechnology Letters, 15, 767-772, 1993. 

Recent reports on other forms of reactors are also available. Immobilized cell bioreactors, upflow sludge blanket reactors, draft-tube airlift reactor and other have been suggested. Each of these reactors has its own pros and cons and the advantages need to be evaluated with the whole process in mind. Further work is necessary in this area. Several process schemes have been considered and evaluated with the batch reactor design as the core BDS reactor ... 

Rothenburger, S., and Atlas, R. M., Hydroxylation and Biodegradation of 6-Methylquinoline by Pseudomonads in Aqueous and Nonaqueous Immobilized-Cell Bioreactors. Appl Environ Microbiol, 1993. 59(7) pp. 2139-2144. 

Bajpai, R., Thompson, J. E., and Davison, B. H., Gas Holdup in Three-Phase Immobilized-Cell Bioreactors, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol., 24/25 485... 

Sharma DK, Saini HS, Singh M et al (2004) Biodegradation of acid blue-15 a textile dye by an upflow immobilized cell bioreactor. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 31 109-114... 

Visit the following EDS test units Parsons/ Honeywell immobilized-cell bioreactor test unit. 

Ethanol Production in Immobilized-Cell Bioreactors from Mixed Sugar Syrups and Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Steam-Exploded Biomass... 

Because apparent metabolic yields can be determined without knowledge of n, Y values can be monitored to detect changes in metabohc patterns of cells in immobilized-cell bioreactors. For example, yj[ac,gic is easy to obtain and provides a good measure of the fate of the primary nutrient glucose. Relatively constant values for F[ac,gic NH3,gic Oz.gic other )delds provide a good indication of a stable culture environment. Under these conditions. Equation 4.2.44 may be used with confidence to estimate changes in the viable cell density. 

BRS brine reduction system ICB immobilized cell bioreactor... 

In the core disposal operations that follow disassembly, the chemical agents are destroyed by hydrolysis, which is in turn followed by a secondary biotreatment process in immobilized cell bioreactors (ICBs) to treat the streams resulting from the hydrolysis (the hydrolysates) to meet Chemical Weapons Convention requirements and produce environmentally acceptable wastes. 

In the ANS, the mustard agent is hydrolyzed with hot water and the hydrolysate pH is adjusted with caustic solution. The PCAPP design incorporates six immobilized cell bioreactors (ICBs) for the treatment of agent hydrolysate, although PMACWA continues to investigate off-site shipment options. The water stream from biotreatment is recycled, and the biosludge is sent to an off-site permitted disposal facility. 

For both the General Atomics and the Parsons/Honeywell design packages, the primary treatment to destroy the agent and the energetic materials is hydrolysis. However, the hydrolysis products (hydrolysates) must be further treated before the final products can be properly disposed of. For this secondary step. General Atomics proposes to use supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) and Parsons/ Honeywell proposes to use biotreatment via immobilized cell bioreactors (ICBs). 

Biological processing, followed by evaporation/ crystallization, to convert the hydrolysis products to liquids or solids acceptable for discharge to the environment or liquids acceptable for recycling. Biological treatment is done in the immobilized-cell bioreactor (ICB). 

Finding (Pueblo) PH-7. Dioxins and furans are produced in the continuous steam treater (CST) under certain conditions. Some of these dioxins and furans are eventually fed to the immobilized cell bioreactors via the purge stream of the CST quench tower and are then stripped from the bioreactors and partially destroyed in the catalytic oxidation units. Activated carbon adsorbers might, therefore, be necessary downstream of the bioreactor catalytic oxidation units. 

Visit the following Demonstration II test units AEA 12-kW Silver II test unit for energetics, AEA 2 kW Silver II test unit for agent, EcoLogic gas-phase chemical reduction test unit. Visit the following EDS test units Parsons/Honeywell immobilized-cell bioreactor test unit. 

FIGURE 43.5 A schematic process design involving two immobilized cell bioreactors for sequential primary and secondary fermentation for wine, cider, or beer production. (Adapted from Kourkoutas, Y. et al.. 

A similar device for membrane immobilization has been proposed by Michels [282], as a membrane-moderated immobilized cell bioreactor. A continuous-type bioreacior system is schematically shown in Figure 9.2. The feed solution is pumped into the reactor at a speed sufficient to produce fluid turbulence tti the proximity of the membrane boundary layer, so that the development of the concentrated boundary layer due to concentration polarization was prevented. After passing a bioreactor, the feed solution was recycled to the feed solution vessel. 

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