Immature rice

Mizuno, K., Kawasaki, T., Shimada, H., Satoh, H., Kobayashi, E., Okamura, S., Arai, Y., and Baba, T. 1993. Alteration of the structural properties of starch components by the lack of an isoform of starch branching enzyme in rice seeds. J. BioL Chem. 268,19084-19091. Mizuno, K., Kimura, K., Arai, Y., Kawasaki, T., Shimada, H., and Baba, T. 1992. Starch branching enzymes from immature rice seeds. /. Biochem. 112, 643-651. 

Starch branching enzyme from immature rice seeds. J. Biochem. 1992 112 643-651. 39. 

C) Rice chaff and immature rice l f. Unit processes (Mc,c )... 

About 1000 pg/L (as judged by 280 g/ha in rice field water 10 cm deep) Significant reductions in immature populations of the rice water weevil (Lissorhopterus oryzophilus) 4-5 days after rice emergence in a continuously flooded field 12... 

Estrogenic effect. Polished rice, in the ration of immature female rats, was active " . Saponifiable fraction of the embryo, administered subcutaneously to female mice, was active " . Seed oil, administered orally to female mice at a dose of 10% of the diet, was active ". ... 

Based on initial studies using rice transformants, it was found that the choice of promoters used to express proper foreign protein in cereals is also important. For example, the promoter element that encodes the Ubil gene-encoding uhiquitin, when combined with an intron, elicited higher levels of expression of foreign protein in immature wheat, maize, and rice embryos than the 35S CaMV promoter (Christou, 1997). 

Cut stars are best for the core )ecause they can produce a high end brightness, moreover the burning rate of cut stars is generally large. However the manufacture of cut stars is considerably troublesome and for the sake of efficiency in operation, other kind of cores e,g, rape-seeds, sand grains, immature ears, corn, rice corns etc, are used. ... 

A combination of the rice lamina inclination assay and GC/MS or GC/SIM analyses have allowed for identification of the brassinosteroids in various plant tissues These include brassinolide, 6-deoxodihydrocastasterone, brassinone from the insect galls of Castanea crenata (18,20) castasterone and 6-deoxodihydrocastasterone from the stems, leaves and flowers of Castanea crenata (20) brassinolide, castasterone, typhasterol (7), and teasterone (8) from leaves of Thea sinensis (21-23) castasterone and brassinone from the fruit of Pharbitis purpurea ( Japanese morning glory ) (24) brassinolide, castasterone and 24-epibrassinolide(29) from immature seed and/or pollen of Vida faba (broad bean ) (25,26) brassinolide and castasterone from the pollen of Alnus glutinosa (European alder) (27). 

Other Possible Components. Lipids that might be important as defensive components in cotton are the cyclopropenoid fatty acids (39), hydroxylated unsaturated fatty acids (40), and other oxidation products of unsaturated fatty acids (41). Similar fatty acids are antibiotic and act as self defensiVe compounds in rice (42). Cottonseed oil contains only about 1% each of cyclopropenoidTand hydroxy unsaturated fatty acids. However, oil from immature seeds, radicles (very young roots) and root tips contain high concentrations (up to 28%) of cyclopropenoid acids (39), suggesting a possible protective role for these fatty acids in these tissues. 

Fig. 8.4 Evidence of rhLZ targeting to protein bodies in rice endosperm. The immature endosperm at 14 days after pollination was used for fluorescence microscopic studies. The endosperm section was incubated with antibodies against human lysozyme (a) and rice glutelin (b). A merger...

BABA, T., NISHIHARA, M., MIZUNO, K., KAWASAKI, T., SHIMADA, H., KOBAYASHl, E OHNISHl, S., TANAKA, K., ARAl, Y., Identification, cDNA cloning, and gene expression of soluble starch synthase in rice (Oryza sativa L.) immature seeds, Plant Physiol., 1993,103, 565-73. 

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