Imides, hydrogenation

The reaction of saccharin with sodium hydroxide results in substitution of the imide hydrogen atom of saccharin with sodium, giving a sodium salt (3.2.75). The resulting product is reacted with methyl chloroacetate, giving the saccharin-substituted acetic acid methyl ester (3.2.76). Upon reaction with sodium methoxide in dimethylsuhoxide, the product undergoes... 

The Gabriel method of making primary amines (Scheme 2.33) rests on the fact that the imide hydrogen of phthalimide is rendered acidic by the two carbonyl groups. It therefore forms a potassium salt, which is a powerful nucleophile and may be alkylated. Hydrolysis of the amide generates the primary amine. The cleavage of the phthalimide may be carried out with hydrazine (H NNHj). 

Barbiturates are central nervous system depressants used as hypnotic drugs and anesthetics. They are all derivatives of barbituric acid (R=R =H), which has no sedative properties. It is called an acid because the carbonyl groups render the imide hydrogens acidic ... 

The imide hydrogen atoms in barbituric acids take part in tautomerism (Section II,A) so that the alkylation of these compounds leads to a mixture of N- and O-alkyl derivatives. Levina thoroughly discussed the N-alkylation.4... 

It is seen from all these experiments that H3N3S2 is a substance with acid properties. The limiting structures (XXXI Ia-d) must probably be considered. The imide hydrogen should be replaced readily by metal atoms, but the amide hydrogen is also replacable in this way. 

Substitution of one imide hydrogen by alkyl groups increases lipid solubility (44). The result is a quicker onset and a shorter duration of activity. As the size of the N-alkyl substituent increases (methyl ethyl —> propyl), the lipid solubility increases ... 

ENDOPEROXIDES Bis(tri-n-butyltin)-peroxide. N-Bromosuccinimide. Di-imide. Hydrogen peroxide-Silver trifluoroacetate. Oxygen, singlet. 

A new type of a reversible light metal hydride system has been recently discovered by Chen et al. [207, 208]. The system is based on reversible lithium nitride (Eq. (6.31)) or lithium imide hydrogenation/dehydrogenation (Eq. (6.32)). 

Related Reagents. N-Bromosuccinimide-Dimethylform-amide N-Bromosuccinimide-dimethyl sulfide N-Bromosuccin-imide-hydrogen fluoride N-Bromosuccinimide-sodium azide Triphenylphosphine-Al-Bromosuccinitnide. 

For the majority of perylene pigments, both color and stability properties derive from electronic pi-pi interactions. However, for Pigment Violet 29 (6), the unsubstituted diimide, hydrogen bonding between the imide hydrogens and the carbonyl groups is also possible, and is undoubtedly the reason for the added stability of this perylene pigment. 

There are various types of modification reactions. Carboxyl groups introduction, imidization, hydrogenation, oxidation, and epoxidation are (only) some examples. Also known is modification by simple mixing, without chemical reactions. This latter process is characteristic of HR applications, not HR synthesis. 

Related Reagents. A-Bromosuccinimide-dimethylform-amide A-bromosuccinimide-dimethyl sulfide A-bromosuccin-imide-hydrogen fluoride A-bromosuccinimide-sodium azide triphenylphosphine-A-bromosuccinimide. 

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