Imidazolium hexafluorophosphate

Coupling one of these cations with one of these anions gives an ionic molecule that has high electron density at the anionic end. The computer image at top right shows this for butyl methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate. 

Pyridine-functionalized N-heterocyclic carbene Rh and Ir complexes have also been described as active precatalysts for C=0 bond TH. For example, Peris and coworkers observed the formation of metal hydrides by C—H oxidative addition of a pyridine-N-substituted imidazolium salt such as N-"Bu-N -(2-pyridylmethyl-imidazolium) hexafluorophosphate in the reaction leading to M-pyNHC complexes, that is [lr(cod)H(pyNHC)Cl] (58) [54]. Transmetallation from silver carbene... 

According to the nature of their counter anion, ionic liquids (ILs) can dissolve a large amount of carbohydrates. In 2003, Moreau and co-workers reported the acid-catalyzed dehydration of fructose in a microbatch reactor at 80°C using l-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BM1M BF4 ) (hydrophilic), and l-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BMIM Fe (hydrophobic) (Scheme 10) [95]. 

Anthony, J. L., Maginn, E. J., and Brennecke, J. F, Solubilities and thermodynamic properties of gases in the ionic liquid l-n-butyl-3-methyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate, /. Phys. Chem. B, 106, 7315, 2002. 

Figure 9.5 Sammon map representing similarity of extraction ability of solvents (with respect to extraction of neutral organic compounds). The closer the points are on the map, the more similar are the corresponding solvents. Conventional solvents are designated by numbers, some representative numbers are m-xylene—35, butyl acetate—9, 1-octanol—40. The point marked BMImPF, represents l-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C4CiIm][PF5]).

Triolo, A., Mandanici, A., Russina, O., Rodriguez-Mora, V., Cutroni, M., Hardacre, C., Nieuwenhuyzen, M., Bleif, H.-J., Keller, L., and Ramos, M. A., Thermodynamics, structure, and dynamics in room temperature ionic liquids The case of l-butyl-3-methyl Imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PFJ),7. Phys. Chem. B, 110,21357-21364, 2006. 

Antony, J. H., Mertens, D., Dolle, A., Wasserscheid, R, and Carper, W. R., Molecular reorientational dynamics of the neat ionic liquid l-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate by measurement of C nuclear magnetic relaxation data., Chem. Phys. Chem., 4, 588-594, 2003. 

BMIm]BF4 BMImCl [BMIm]PF6 CCS ecu [Choline] [Pro] 1 -butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetrafluoroborate 1 -butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride 1 -butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate CO2 capture and storage/sequestration CO2 capture and utilization (2-hydroxyethyl)-trimethyl-ammonium (iS )-2-pyrrolidine-carboxylic acid salt... 

The reaction does not occur obviously in three commonly used ILs l-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium chloride ([BMIm]Cl), 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium tetra-fluoroborate ([BMIm]BF4), l-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIm]PF6). Only 3 % yield can be obtained in water, indicating PEG is the best solvent for the oxidation of secondary alcohols when using Co(II)/ZnO as catalyst. This is because PEG can form Co(II) complex (Co(II)L), which can activate 02 molecule and thereby promote the oxidation of organic compounds (Scheme 3.3) [26]. 

Schrekker H S, Stracke M P, Schrekker C M L, et al. Ether-functionalized imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids for improved water miscibilities. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2007. 46, 7389-7392. 

It was observed that these ILs could effectively reduce the friction and wear of sliding pairs compared to PEG films without the additives. Specifically, 1 -(3,5-Ditert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (BHT-1) MIMPFg exhibited better antiwear properties at an optimum concentration of 1 wt.%. At this level, its antiwear property was significantly improved 100-fold with respect to the PEG base oil (Figs. 9.17d, 9.18). 

Yao MH, Fan MJ, Liang YM et al (2010) Imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquids as high temperature lubricants for steel-steel contacts. Wear 268 67-71... 

Tetra-A-propylammonium perruthenate (TRAP) has been known as a homogenous and versatile reagent for the catalytic oxidation of alcohols. One of the problems in the use of TRAP is its removal from the reaction ntixture. Ley et al. disclosed a system that permits recycling and reuse of TRAP [39]. They used TRAP and alcohol in CH Cl in the presence of l-ethyl-3-methyl-lH-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([emim][PFg]) and Et NBr accompanied with A-methylmorpholine A-oxide (NMO) as cooxidant. They demonstrated that both Et NBr and [anim][PF ] may be used to enable the recovery and reuse of TRAP. Also, performing the reaction under moderate oxygen pressure (30-40 bar) in dichloromethane and Et NBr at room temperature resulted in rapid and clean oxidation of sec-phenethyl alcohol. 

Bmim-PFg (l-butyl-3-methyl-lH-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate) was used as solvent and hydemim-PF (l-(2-hydroxyethyl)-3-methyl-l H-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate) was used as functionalized ionic liquid (so-called task-specific ionic liquid) (Scheme 16.5) [94],... 

The chloro and bromo derivatives of phosphonium and uronium salts have not been extensively used in solid-phase strategy. Thus, chloro- and bromo-tris(pyrrolidino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate [PyCloP (63) and PyBroP (64)1 [109] and bromotris(dimethylamino)-phosphonium hexafluorophosphate (65) (BroP) [110], which have been used with success in solution for the synthesis of peptides containing A-methylamino acids, have not been found to be effective in the solid-phase mode. The active species detected for PyCloP, PyBroP, and BroP in the absence of HOBt are the symmetrical anhydride, the 5(4JT)-oxazolone, and, for Boc-amino acids, the iV-carboxyanhydride [99]. Furthermore, 2-chloro-l,3-dimethyl-4,5-dihydro-117-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate (66) (CIP, DCIH) [107,108,111] has been found effective only in the presence of 1 equiv. of HO At. 

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