2- imidazole, acid synthesis

Imazapyr/ 2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(l-methyl ethyl)-5-oxo-lH-imidazol-2-yl]-3-pyridi necarboxylic acid Imidazolinones Amino acid synthesis inhibitor, nonselective Noncrop areas, railroad tracks, plantations 11-8... 

The naturally occurring nucleoside analogues discussed in this section contain the IV-glycosyl linkage and either purine, pyrimidine, imidazole, diazepin, or indole rings. The purine nucleosides inhibit protein synthesis, RNA and DNA synthesis, and methyltransferases they have antimycoplasmal, antiviral, hypotensive, antifungal, antimycobacterial, and antitumor activities and induce sporulation (1—4). The pyrimidine nucleosides inhibit protein synthesis, virus replication, RNA and DNA synthesis, and cAMP phosphodiesterase. The imidazole nucleosides inhibit nucleic acid synthesis. The diazepin nucleosides inhibit adenosine deaminase (ADA). The indole nucleosides inhibit bacteria, yeast, fungi, and viruses. 

Mechanisms Metronidazole is an imidazole derivative with activity against protozoa and bacteria. The drug undergoes a reductive bioactivation of its nitro group by ferredoxin (present in anaerobic parasites) to form reactive cytotoxic products that interfere with nucleic acid synthesis. 

Activation of Carboxylic Acids Synthesis of Acyl Imidazoles. iV,AA-Carbonyldiimidazole (1) converts carboxylic acids into the corresponding acylimidazoles (2) (eq 1). The method can be applied to a wide range of aliphatic, aromatic, and heterocyclic carboxylic acids, including some examples (such as formic acid and vitamin A acid) where acid chloride formation is difficult. The reactivity of (2) is similar to that of acid chlorides, but the former have the advantage that they are generally crystalline and easily handled. Isolation of (2) is sirr5>le, but often unnecessary further reaction with nucleophiles is usually performed in the same reaction vessel. Conversion of (2) into acid chlorides (via reaction with HCl), hydrazides, hydroxamic acids, and peroxy esters have all been described. Preparation of the more irr5)ortant carboxylic acid derivatives is described below. 

Our motivation for investigating thioamide derivatives, which potentially can form N-H... S interactions, arises from the presence of the -N(H)-C(=S)- residue, and derivatives thereof, in several dmgs [20], see Scheme 6.2 for chemical structures of these species. Thus, the antithyroid drugs 6-n-propyl-thiouracil (I) and l-methyl-3//-imidazole-2-thione (II, Methimazole , also marketed as Tapazole ) feature the -N(H)-C(=S)- functional group [21]. Hyperthyroidism may be treated with 3-methyl-2-thioxo-4-imidazoline-l-carboxylate (III, Carbimazole ) which is metabolised in vivo to the active form, known as Methimazole [22]. Anti-tubercular agents containing the thioamide residue and which inhibit mycolic acid synthesis include 2-ethyl-thioisonicotinamide (IV, Ethionamide ) and its -propyl derivative (Prothionamide ) [23-25]. 

Imidazoles as promising scaffolds for antibacterial activity 13MRM1812. Inhibitors of bacterial fatty acid synthesis type II (FASII) system enzymes as potential antibacterial agents 13CMC1589. 

Liang, Z., Jiang, X., Xu, H., Chen, D., Yin, J., Polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) derived from non-coplanar dibenzoic acid containing imidazole (IDBA) Synthesis, characterization and properties, AfocromoZ. Chem. Phys. 2009, 210,1632-1639. 

Imidazole-5-carboxamide, l-methyl-4-nitro-mass spectra, 5, 359 Imidazole-4-carboxanilide, 1-methyl-synthesis, 5, 435 Imidazolecarboxylic acid, vinyl-polymers, 1, 281 Imidazole-2-carboxylic acid chlorination, 5, 398 mass spectra, 5, 360 synthesis, 5, 474... 

Imidazole-2-carboxylic acid, 4-methylr ethyl ester synthesis, 5, 474 Imidazole-4-carboxylic acid coupling, 5, 403 iodination, 5, 400 reactions... 

Imidazole-4-carboxylic acid, 5-amino-cyclization, 5, 583 decarboxylation, 5, 434—435 ethyl ester diazotization, 5, 414 synthesis, 5, 477... 

Imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid, 1-methyl-decarboxylation, 5, 435 Imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid anhydride synthesis, 5, 435... 

Imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acids, coupling, 5, 403 decarboxylation, 5, 434 1-substituted synthesis, 5, 468 synthesis, 5, 362, 402, 484 Imidazole-4,5-dione, l-alkyl-2-phenyl-synthesis, 5, 129, 479 Imidazole-2,4-diones tautomerism, 5, 370 Imidazole-4,5-diones tautomerism, 5, 370 Imidazole-2,4-dithione, 5,5-diphenyl-tautomerism, 5, 370 Imidazole-2,4-dithiones tautomerism, 5, 370 Imidazolepropanol synthesis, 5, 486 Imidazoles accelerators epoxy resins, 1, 407... 

Imidazole-5-thione, 4,4-diphenyl-tautomerism, 5, 368 3 H-Imidazole-2-thione, 1,3-dimethyl-structure, 5, 367 Imidazole-2-thiones acidity, 5, 367 betaines, 5, 372 synthesis, 5, 481 tautomerism, 5, 367 3H-Imidazole-2-thiones synthesis, 5, 473, 6, 992 Imidazolides deacylation, 5, 453 mass spectra, 5, 360 phosphoric acid reactions, 5, 454 reactions, 5, 451-453 Imidazolidine, l-alkyl-3-phenyl-N-oxidation, 5, 427 Imidazolidine, 1,3-benzyl-2-phenyl-oxidation, S, 427... 

Naphtho[l, 2-c]furazans electrophilic reactions, 6, 410 synthesis, 6, 418 Naphtho[l, 2-c]furoxans eleetrophilic reactions, 6, 410 3-Naphthoic acid, 2-hydroxy-l-(2-thiazolylazo)-analytical uses, 6, 328 Naphtho[ 1,2-h]imidazoles oxidation, 5, 405... 

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