Image furnace

Price (P9) has also investigated the ignition characteristics of JPN, a double-base propellant, in an arc-imaging furnace. Price s data show agreement with the predictions of Eq. (8b) for heat fluxes below 1.5 cal/cm2-sec. Above this flux level, the data deviated from the theoretical predictions. 

Beyer (B8) has recently reported the analysis of arc-imaging-furnace data obtained on a variety of composite-propellant formulations. He showed the data could be correlated by the expression... 

Fig. 9. Ranges of heat fluxes studied by various investigators. (1) Altman—Pc° (2) Ryan and Summerfield—P -P 1 (3) arc-imaging-furnace studies (A8).

In recent years there has been renewed interest in treating coal at high temperatures both by rapid processing in the more conventional type of carbonization apparatus (I) and by using such devices as flash tubes (5, 12, 13), lasers (13), arc image furnaces (9, 11), and plasma jets (3). All these methods produce conditions whereby the coal can be heated rapidly to a temperature well in excess of 1000°C. followed by quenching of the products. The work described here is an investigation into the reactions of coal in a plasma jet and has been reported briefly elsewhere (3). 

Figure 2.9 Ulvac/Sinku-Rico infrared gold image furnace [11]. Gold coated mirrors focus radiant energy to a 1 cm diameter zone along the central axis of the furnace. The gold coating is used for maximum reflectance in the infrared part of the spectrum.

Another interesting observation is that in our image furnace experiments, the gases are detected only after the beginning of the steady state conditions of pyrolysis of the pellet. 

Cellulose can be pyrolysed under well characterised conditions of absorbed heat flux densities by using a concentrated radiation. Experiments have been performed with cellulose pellets submitted to controlled times of irradiation at the focal zone of an image furnace. 

The Odeillo results are in good agreement with earlier flash tube and arc image furnace work associated with the simulation of thermonuclear weapons effects. They are also in concord with earlier Princeton work on biomass gasification. 

Coal contained 35-40% volatile matter. b Using an arc-image furnace, C2s = C2H4 + C2H6,... 

Glasses of Y3A15012 composition can be made by levitation techniques [106] and other glass compositions can be made at compositions close to that of the metastable eutectic (Fig. 4) using a Xe-arc image furnace. The precursors are made via sol-gel route [115]. 

The Ulvac-Riko thermal analysis equipment includes a number of DSC and DTA systems covering a wide temperature range. The DT-1500 series of DTA instruments is usable in the temperature range from —150 to 1500CC. For DSC, the DSC-1500 series covers the temperature interval from — 170C to 550°C. Temperature programmers and infrared image furnaces are also available. 

FIGURE 29.2 (a) Vertical float zone, (b) Arc image furnace. 

Fast Heating Thermogravirnetry Using an Infrared Image Furnace... 

These reactions have been frequently analyzed and also often used as a calibration standard. The TGA curves are taken with the infrared image furnace shown in Fig. 4.184. A general kinetics equation can be written as ... 

Ilmenite. Ferrous titanate, Fe0.Ti02 m.p. 1365°C. This mineral is the principal constituent of the heavy minerals in the beach sands of Australia and elsewhere it is thus the chief source of titania, which is used in the ceramic industry as an opaciher and as a constituent of some ceramic dielectrics. Image Furnace. Apparatus for the production of a very high temperature in a small space by focusing the radiation from the sun (solar furnace) or from an electric arc (arc-image furnace) by means of mirrors and/or lenses. Such furnaces have been used for the... 

Solar Furnace. A particular type of IMAGE FURNACE (q.v.) in wMch the sun s rays are focussed to provide the heat. 

Kitahara Y, Takahashi S, Kuiamoto N, Sala M, Tsugoshi T, Sablier M, Fujii T. Ion attachment mass spectrometry combined with infrared image furnace for thermal analysis evolved gas analysis studies. Anal Chem. 2009 81 3155-8. 

As discussed in Sect. 9.2, lAMS has been applied in the study of atmospheric processes. As such, lAMS can contribute to an understanding of acid rain, smog, and other air contamination processes in the atmosphere. Important additional tools in this respects are the aerosol mass spectrometer (Sect. 6.2) and the infrared image furnace (IIF, Sect. 6.4.3). The latter system was involved in studying combustion of polycarbonates, which may result in the emission of the endocrine disraptor bisphe-nol A. Li+-IAMS enabled the detection of the bisphenol A biradical [21]. Similarly, EGA-IAMS has been used to study the pyrolysis of polyacrylamide, which among others results in the suspected carcinogenic monomeric acrylamide [22]. 

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