Ignition sources internal combustion engines

Internal combustion engines contain several features that pose ignition sources for hydrocarbon vapors. Most obvious is they exhaust hot combustion gases that can ignite vapors, secondary they have hot surfaces - primarily the exhaust manifold and piping, and finally and most overlooked, instrumentation and ignition devices may not be rated for use in an area where combustible gases may be present. 

The main use of CcOj and ceria based compounds is in depollution of noxious species from gaseous stream originating either from stationary or mobile source. The majority of studies deals with the application of ceria as an oxygen storage in TWCs and in the development of novel technologies for the treatment of emissions from diesel and spark ignited internal combustion engines [1,2]. 

The storage and handling of flammable and combustible liquids can be hazardous since workers are often working closely with the containers and their contents. Also, the vapors generated by the liquids can be close to sources of ignition such as an internal combustion engine. 

Continuous ignition sources should be located away from probable points of release of flammable materials. In particular, pumps and compressors, which are the most likely source of accidental leaks, should be located at least 15 meters from sources of ignition such as fired heaters and internal combustion engines. 

Pumps handling hydrocarbons should be at least 15 meters from furnaces, thermal oxidizers, internal combustion engineers, and other sources of ignition. 

Internal combustion engines have many applications in both stationary and mobile equipment, but these are the sources of ignition when exposed to a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon vapor. Types of internal combustion engine found in the process industries include the following ... 

For enclosed internal combustion engine facilities, the detection system should alarm and activate any emergency ventilation systems to keep air in the facility below 20% of the LFL. If the combustible levels continued to rise up to 60% of LFL, the detection system should activate further protections (e.g., shutting down the ventilation and shutting down the engine). Another consideration should be the location of ventilation exhausts with respect to outside ignition sources. 

Lead Acid Starter Batteries. Applies to lead-acid accumulator batteries with a rated voltage of 6 or 12 V, used primarily as a source of starting and ignition current for internal combustion engines and also for the auxiliary installations of internal combustion engine vehicles. 

If one accepts, however, that the long range price of oil and energy will continue to increase, then ethyl alcohol as a liquid fuel, especially for internal combustion spark ignition engines, will continue to be a potentially viable alternative fuel source. The fact that alcohol may be profitably manufactured from a variety of crop and forest residues, as well as from grains themselves, enhances its appeal to farm producers. 

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