Identification of alcohols

Field, F.H. Munson, M.S.B. Reactions of Gaseous Ions. XIV. Mass Spectrometric Studies of Methane at Pressures to 2 Torr. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 3289-3294. Hunt, D.F. Ryan, J.F.I. Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Studies. I. Identification of Alcohols. Tetrahedron Lett. 1971,47,4535-4538. 

A proposed mechanism for this transformation, provided in Scheme 42, is based on the identification of alcohol-carbene complexes by Movassaghi and Schmidt. Mesityl substituted imidazolinylidine carbene acts as a Brpnsted base as transesterification occurs to produce LXVII. Upon O N acyl transfer, the observed product is formed. The evidence provided for this mechanism includes the control experiment in which LXVII is resubjected to the reaction conditions and proceeds with amide formation. A similar mechanism has recently been reported in a theoretical study of transesterification by Hu and co-workers [139], In light of this work, it seems reasonable to suggest a similar that mechanism is operative in the transesterification reactions discussed throughout this section. 

Esters, simple, identification of acidic components, 393, 1063, 1064 identification of alcohol component, 393, 1063, 1064 ... 

Identification of Alcohols. The alcohol component of the plasticizers, after direct isolation, can be identified by gas chromatography, whereas, paper or thin layer chromatographic methods require that alcohols be converted into suitable derivatives prior to identification. 

The above is the procedure for the preparation of dinitrobenzoates, so useful for the identification of alcohols. 

Sporek KF, Danyi MD (1962) Detection and identification of alcohols, alkoxy groups, lignin, and wood by gas liquid chromatography. Anal Chem 34 1527-1529... 

Gas Chromatography of Alcohols This procedure will identify and quantify the common alcohols in blood and mine. The column used is 0,3% Carbowax 20M on Carbopak C, The system is the same as System GI for Solvents and Other Volatile Compounds (p. 199) except that for this purpose it is operated isothermally at 120°. identification of alcohols... 

A. Helander, G. Eriksson, H. Stibler and J.-O. Jeppsson, Interference of transferrin isoform types with carbohydrate-deficient transferrin quantification in the identification of alcohol abuse, Clin. Chem., 47, 1225-1233 (2001). 

Fig. 5.2 Progressive identification of alcohols in roasted coffee volatiles...

AI3-01601 Benzoic xid, 3,5-dinitro- 3-Carboxy-1,5-dinitrobenzene CCRIS 3129 Dinitrobenzoic acid 3,5-Dinitrobenzoic acid DNBA EINECS 202-751-1 NSC 8732. Used in chemical analysis, in identification of alcohols and chromatographic determination of essential oil constituents. Crystals mp = 205° sublimes 4m = 228 nm (e 19700, MeOH) soluble in H2O (2 g/100 ml), EtOH and glacis AcOH, less soluble in Et20, CS2, CeHe. Akzo Nobel Eka Nobel Ltd. Lancaster Synthesis Co. 

Ethers can be prepared under mild conditions from aromatic halogen compounds that contain ortho- or para-nitro groups.772"775 Alkyl 2,4-di-nitrophenyl ethers are obtained from 1 -fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene and alcohols in the presence of triethylamine,776 a reaction that can be used for identification of alcohols. 

Pronko, P.S. Velichko, M.G. Moroz, A.R. Rubanovich, N.N. (1997) Low molecular weight metabolites relevant to ethanol metabolism correlation with alcohol withdrawal severity and utility for identification of alcoholics. Alcohol alcoholism. 32,6,761-768. 

Without additional reagents Identification of alcohols as l-(alkoxymethyl)isatins... 

Considering the vast number of papers published by the Colonel, it is a challenge to review their significance. This introduction attenqits to give the reader a feel for the scope of his work, rather than pick out a few selected papers as the "most important." It might be argued that ftie most important paper any scientist writes is his first one. Most people would probably not guess that the Colonel s first paper was on the identification of alcohols (/). 

For the extraction of the first set of compounds, i) the polymer is refluxed with acetone and the silver salts precipitated by the addition of aqueous silver nitrate. After drying the residue is examined by infrared spectroscopy to identify alcohols, thioacids, thiols, and alkyl groups attached to tin. For the extraction of the second set of compounds ii) the polymer is refluxed with 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide prior to the identification of alcohols by gas chromatography then the alkyl groups attached to tin and carboxylic acids are identified. 

Aryl isocyanates also give crystalline adducts with anhydrous alcohols. Phenyl, 4-nitrophenyl, and 1-naphthyl isocyanates are often used to prepare crystalline carbamates to assist in the identification of alcohols. 

Reoently, nicotinates [96,364,950] and certain hybrid derivatives, i.e. picolinyidimethylsilyl ethers [362], have been shown to be of value for the identification of alcohols by means of GC/mass spectrometry (see Chapter 10). 

Hunt, D.F. Ryan, J.F.I. Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry Studies. I. Identification of Alcohols. Tetrahedron Lett. 1971, 47,4535-4538. 

The most suitable method for the detection and identification of alcohols is the utilization of the reaction with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride the reaction has been very thoroughly studied and it can be used in combination with paper chromatography for simultaneous detection and identification. As they serve for identification purposes, the esters of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid were prepared from a maximum number of alcohols. Another advantage consists in the possibility of preparing these derivatives even when the alcohols are available only in the form of their aqueous solutions. 

If the 3,5-dinitrobenzoates have melting points which are too high, benzoic acid esters are used for the identification of alcohols, namely glycols. On the other hand, in cases where the 3,5-dinitrobenzoates are low-melting substances, the alcohols are identified in the form of urethanes, preferably naphthylurethanes. Identification procedmes are also elaborated for microscale work a partial disadvantage consists in the fact that the samples for identification must be anhydrous. 

A suitable substitution of the aromatic nucleus of benzoyl chloride (nitration, bromination), or the use of chlorides of naphthalene-carboxylic adds, or, especially, anthraquinone-carboxylic acids, results in their esters being solid substances, even when prepared from aliphatic alcohols. The most popular derivatives for the identification of alcohols are, however, the esters of 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid. 

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