Identification digital imaging

Beside the identification of single bacterial cell or spores by means of Raman spectroscopy, the localization of these cells inside partly complex matrices has to be performed. One approach is the combination of Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and digital imaging techniques. This method was applied to detect traces of endospores and other biothreat organisms even in the presence of complex environmental matrices like bioaeroso-lic background, nasal mucin [67], or tap water [68], Another fully automated device was built to analyze bioaerosols in clean room environments, where prior to the Raman identification method a particle preselection took place [69]. 

Identification of insects including R. dominica, Cryptolestes ferrugi-neus, O. surinamensis, and T. castaneum and body parts of R. dominica in bulk wheat samples was done using digital imaging techniques. It was noted that the position (dorsal, ventral, or lateral) of the insects and any particle clinging to the insect affected the efficiency of detection. Thus, the diverse applications of NIRS in infestation detection have been well established. 

Burnsides, D., Boehmer, M. Robinette, K. 2001. 3-D landmark detection and identification in the CAESAR project. Proceedings of the third international conference on 3-D digital imaging and modeling conference, Quebec City. 

Grosjean, Ph., Picheral, M., Warembourg, C. and Gorsky, G. (2004) Enumeration, measurement, and identification of net zooplankton samples using the ZOOSCAN digital imaging system. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 61 518-525. 

Gerhards, R., Nabout, A., Sokefeld, M., Kuhbauch, W. and Nour Eldin, H.A. (1993) Automatic identification of 10 weed species in digital images using Eourier descriptors and shape parameters. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 171 321-328. 

Field guides are crucial to the sustainable exploitation, management and protection of tropical forests. They provide a resource for identification and a tool for training future botanists. Used in conjunction vvith suitable training, and provided alongside checklists and other, novel resources such as digital image databases, they provide invaluable support for conservation and research. 

Both digital imaging as well as digital sound recordings should ideally be linked to a voucher specimen (Huber, 1998) and, whenever possible, associated to other materials such as tissues or gene sequences, to ensure subsequent taxonomic identification and eventual species description. 

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