Ideal landscapes

PRB believed their peers art lack[ed] in meaning and aesthetic honesty because it often depicted overly idealized landscapes, carefully arranged family portraits and still lifes, and overly dramatic nature scenes. In contrast, the PRB believed art should more accurately depic[t] reality and portray people, places, and things realistically instead of in an idealized way... 

The REM, NK and p-spin models all are attempts to capture the important statistical properties of true molecular landscapes in a simple model. Because they contain no biophysical information, they are limited in how well they can achieve this. The block model is an important step in removing some of the simplifications in these models, as it allows for nonstationary properties that can be matched to different regions of molecules. Ideally, landscape models can be based on experimental data. Unfortunately, despite the tremendous interest in molecular optimization, there is still relatively little data that can be used this way. As more data are collected on the effects of substitutions in protein structural and loop regions, antibody CDRs and framework regions, etc., a block or other type of model can be developed that uses appropriate fitness functions for each block. Combined efforts by theoreticians and experimentalists may also help devise experiments that measure key true affinity landscape properties without excessive laboratory effort. 

Jin Jun. Ideal landscape the system construction and integration design of urban landscape space [M], Nangjing Southeast University press, 2003. 

But even the Scotts company, a dominant firm in lawn care chemicals and services, insists in its own messages to shareholders and consumers that beautiful lawns don t just happen. To make this landscape normal, as we shall see, requires repeated representation both of the aesthetic ideal and the enormous battery of consumer goods and services that make it possible. This closely echoes the thinking of geographer Don Mitchell, who observes that distinct, meaningful, cultural objects like the modern lawn are actively that culture is not... 

As explained by art historian Therese O Malley, this approach to landscape design marked an unusual combination of simultaneously exclusive and collective values Downing s cult of domesticity and community promulgated an individualistic yet communitarian ethic. Although his theory has been discussed as reflecting exclusivity and elitism, in fact it promoted a community ideal, and the critical tenet that place could create community. ... 

Fig. 13.1 An ideal activity landscape. In such landscapes, which are conceptually similar to the gently rolling Flint Hills of Kansas depicted in the figure, it is generally assumed that similar molecules have similar biological activities [3]. It is clear from the figure that even relatively sparse sampling of chemistry space may be sufficient to construct a reasonable estimate of the activity landscape.

It seems clear that eliminating compounds from consideration based on one or two parameters is not ideal and that prioritizing compounds based on a more complete multivariate landscape of properties is more appropriate. Prioritization may not be as good as expert medicinal chemistry opinion, but it s cheaper, unbiased, more consistent, and more readily available. 

Prior to minimization, little information is available about the high-dimensional energy surface (3N- 6 dimensions with N atoms). In simple words, the program cannot see the landscape . Ideally, the minimization process should adapt to the shape of the surface and the distance from the minimum. Also, the type of energy minimization procedure used should depend on whether a specific local minimum, or any minimum, is sought. Most programs offer a choice of different optimization methods and the step size may often be chosen interactively. 

This is a long-lived, clean-working formula. It is ideal for producing brilliant negatives in controlled lighting situations (i.e., studio) or for low-contrast landscapes. 

Any theoretical study of applied molecular evolution needs information on the fitnesses of the molecules in the search space, as it is not possible to characterize the performance of search algorithms without knowing properties of the landscape being searched [63], Since the ideals of sequence-to-structure or sequence-to-function models are not yet possible, it is necessary to use approximations to these relationships or make assumptions about their functional form. To this end, a large variety of models have been developed, ranging from randomly choosing affinities from a probability distribution to detailed biophysical descriptions of sequence-structure prediction. These models are often used to study protein folding, the immune system and molecular evolution (the study of macromolecule evolution and the reconstruction of evolutionary histories), but they can also be used to study applied molecular evolution [4,39,53,64-67], A number ofthese models are reviewed below. 

The first limitation is that the landscape models are very abstract. Their results apply to molecular search in a general way, but are difficult to relate to laboratory concerns. Ideally, future work will combine the mathematical rigor of landscape-based search with the chemical and experimental details of the laboratory technique-based models. Some work along these lines has started with calculating mutation rates for SELEX schemes based on RNA secondary structure landscape models [114],... 

While I have made a clear distinction between laboratory technique-based and landscape-based models, the distinction is more artifactual than representative of fundamental differences. The laboratory technique-based models do not include mutation or crossover, so the only landscape property they depend on is the affinity distribution p(Ka). Once mutation is included, some type of relationship between specific sequences and their affinities must be included. Landscapes are one means of including this relationship. Work with landscape-based models does not include laboratory techniques or parameters because the questions posed in this work do not require this added level of complexity and because of the paucity of experimental data to define actual affinity landscapes. If the landscape work is to solve actual laboratory protocol problems, the laboratory and chemistry details need to be included. Ideally, future work will include mathematically rigorous analyses of landscape-based models that incorporate chemical and experimental details. 

Ely, Christopher. 2000. Critics in the Native Soil Landscape and Conflicting Ideals of Nationality in Imperial Russia. Ecumene 7(3) 253—70. 

SAR Index. The SAR Index (SARI) has recently been introduced to quantitatively capture the continuous, discontinuous, or heterogeneous nature of activity landscapes and SARs. Similar to SAS maps, it exclusively relies on the 2D structural similarity and potency distribution within a set of active compounds. However, SARI aims to categorize the SARs of a population of compound sets without employing idealized reference states. It generates a numerical index between 0 and 1 that reflects the (dis-)continuity of the SARs under consideration. SARI distinguishes between three major categories of... 

Hydrangeas are opposite-leaved, deciduous shrubs and vines. The flowers are small but borne in large clusters. Hydrangeas are ideal for shrub borders or grouped for landscape interest. 

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