ID profiling

The images obtained from the SPAN module (Figure 4.6.3(c and d)) show completely different characteristics compared with those from the SMC module. Noticeable features are the dense and evenly packed capillary membranes and the lower quality and inhomogeneities in the images. As already discussed for the ID profile (Figure 4.6.2(b)), both intra- and inter-membrane flow seems unhindered... 

UVB irradiation leads to more advanced degradation compared to UVA this conclusion is based on the examination of ID profiles, and by considering the degradation depth, as shown in Figure 9. 

Figure 3 Power spectrum of the intensity record taken from a ID profile along the...

With pseudo 2D NMR data consisting of a series of ID profiles, analysis by multivariate techniques is obvious, since the large number of potentially overlapping variables makes visual analysis very difficult and improved methods of analysis are already called for. Analysis of real 2D NMR data by multivariate techniques is less obvious, since a lot of information can already be extracted from the 2D Fourier-transformed data. However, if real 2D NMR data from a series of samples needs to be compared, the application of multivariate techniques is an obvious possibility. 

The effective diffusion coefficients for non-tempered cocoa butter from China, calculatedfrom the liquid corrqtonent ofthe ID profiles. 

Combinations of applied magnetic field gradients and EM radiation pulses can be used to give ID profiles or two-dimensional (2D) maps showing the spatial distribution of a particular species. NMR imaging has been used extensively in several fields of research to probe stmcture or to study dynamic processes such as diffusion and transport (Gladden, 1994 Mande and Sederman, 2003). 

The intensity profiles were fitted by analytical functions and convoluted with the ESR spectrum measured in the absence of the field gradient in order to simnlate the ID image. In the most recent work, the genetic algorithm (GA) was used for minimization of the difference between simulated and experimental ID images this procedure allowed the best fit to be chosen automatically. " In some cases the experimental ID profiles were corrected for the sensitivity profile of the resonator the difference will be illustrated below for the ID profiles of HPEC. 

MRI (ID profiles) of objects with dipolar-broadened spectra was demonstrated by using soft excitation pulses. Long-lived coherent response signals... 

However, understanding the three-dimensional (3D) interfacial phenomena by taking ID profiles and 2D images is often too inefficient or too inaccurate to be used in a practical study. The author and coworkers recently developed a method referred to as 3D scanning force microscopy (3D-SFM), where the tip is scanned in the vertical direction as well as in the lateral direction. The method made it possible to image the 3D distribution of water molecules at the mica-water interface with atomic-scale resolution in 53 seconds, as shown in Fig 18.11. 

The compounds in Table 3 have produced ID profiles for both the H and nuclides. 

It seems clear that STRAFI-MRI will become the method of choice for the imaging of solids, and samples consisting of solids and liquids. Any type of nucleus may be used, including quadrupolar nuclides, in any type of solid. All types of materials may be addressed. The method will be seen to best advantage when simple ID profiles are sufficient for the particular study. Its worth has been shown already for water in cements (Figure 7) and concrete and other building materials, and for organic liquids... 

Figure 2.2 Fluorine atom (a) 2s, (b) 2p, and (c) 3d orbitals in ID profile (left), 2D contour (middle), and 3D surface plot (right). The depicted orbitals have respective occupancies of 2, 1, and 0 in the F atom ground state. (Note that the four outermost contour lines of default NBOView contour output do not include the negative 2s inner spike near the nucleus, which is better seen in the ID profile plot.) (See the color version of this figure in Color Plates section.)...

Figure 2.1 Hydrogen atom Is orbital in (a) ID profile, (b) 2D contour, and (c) 3D surface plot.

---