I-Chloronaphthalene

Poly(ethylene-C >- I -dodecene) Chromatography I -Chloronaphthalene SEC, porous silica 150°C 1399... 

Poly(ethylene-f ( t- l-octadecene) chromatography i-Chloronaphthalene SEC, porous silica ISC C 1399... 

The question of the occurrence of cine or aryne substitution in some of these reactions has been raised but not answered adequately. The normal product, 2-methoxynaphthalene was shown to be formed from 2-chloronaphthalene and methoxide ion, and the normal 6- and 8-piperidinoquinolines were proved to be products of piperidino-debromination of 6- and 8-bromoquinolines, all in unspecified yield. More highly activated compounds were then assumed not to react via the aryne mechanism. Even if the major product had been characterized, the occurrence of a substantial or predominant amount of aryne reaction may escape notice when strong orientation or steric effects lead to formation of the normal displacement product from the aryne. A substantial amoimt of concurrent aryne reaction may also escape detection if it yields an amount of cine-substituted material easily removed in purification or if the entire reaction mixture is not chromatographed Kauffman and Boettcher have demonstrated that activated compounds such as 4-chloropyridine do indeed react partially via the aryne mechanism (Section I,C,1). 

Polycyclic (also called polynuclear) aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are composed of multiple rings connected by shared carbon atoms (i.e., separate rings are combined by sharing two carbon atoms). All these compounds are pure hydrocarbons except for the two benzo-fluoranthenes, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and 2-chloronaphthalene. Moore and Ramamoorthy110 review the behavior of PAHs in natural waters. 

Figure 4.22 High temperature size-exclusion liquid chromatography of an engineering plastic, poly (phenyl sulfate). Column, SSC GPS-3506, 50 cm x 8 mm i.d. eluent, 1-chloronaphthalene flow rate, 1.0 ml min-1 column temperature, 210 °C detector, refractive index detector.

AI3-00040, see Cyclohexanol AI3-00041, see Cyclohexanone AI3-00045, see Diacetone alcohol AI3-00046, see Isophorone AI3-00050, see 1,4-Dichlorobenzene AI3-00052, see Trichloroethylene AI3-00053, see 1,2-Dichlorobenzene AI3-00054, see Acrylonitrile AI3-00072, see Hydroquinone AI3-00075, see p-Chloro-rrr-cresol AI3-00078, see 2,4-Dichlorophenol AI3-00085, see 1-Naphthylamine AI3-00100, see Nitroethane AI3-00105, see Anthracene AI3-00109, see 2-Nitropropane AI3-00111, see Nitromethane AI3-00118, see ferf-Butylbenzene AI3-00119, see Butylbenzene AI3-00121, see sec-Butylbenzene AI3-00124, see 4-Aminobiphenyl AI3-00128, see Acenaphthene AI3-00134, see Pentachlorophenol AI3-00137, see 2-Methylphenol AI3-00140, see Benzidine AI3-00142, see 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol AI3-00150, see 4-Methylphenol AI3-00154, see 4,6-Dinitro-o-cresol AI3-00262, see Dimethyl phthalate AI3-00278, see Naphthalene AI3-00283, see Di-rj-butyl phthalate AI3-00327, see Acetonitrile AI3-00329, see Diethyl phthalate AI3-00399, see Tributyl phosphate AI3-00404, see Ethyl acetate AI3-00405, see 1-Butanol AI3-00406, see Butyl acetate AI3-00407, see Ethyl formate AI3-00408, see Methyl formate AI3-00409, see Methanol AI3-00520, see Tri-ocresyl phosphate AI3-00576, see Isoamyl acetate AI3-00633, see Hexachloroethane AI3-00635, see 4-Nitrobiphenyl AI3-00698, see IV-Nitrosodiphenylamine AI3-00710, see p-Phenylenediamine AI3-00749, see Phenyl ether AI3-00790, see Phenanthrene AI3-00808, see Benzene AI3-00867, see Chrysene AI3-00987, see Thiram AI3-01021, see 4-Chlorophenyl phenyl ether AI3-01055, see 1.4-Dioxane AI3-01171, see Furfuryl alcohol AI3-01229, see 4-Methyl-2-pentanone AI3-01230, see 2-Heptanone AI3-01231, see Morpholine AI3-01236, see 2-Ethoxyethanol AI3-01238, see Acetone AI3-01239, see Nitrobenzene AI3-01240, see I idine AI3-01256, see Decahydronaphthalene AI3-01288, see ferf-Butyl alcohol AI3-01445, see Bis(2-chloroethoxy)methane AI3-01501, see 2,4-Toluene diisocyanate AI3-01506, see p,p -DDT AI3-01535, see 2,4-Dinitrophenol AI3-01537, see 2-Chloronaphthalene... 

Scheme 10.9 Protection-deprotection technique for the synthesis of e-pentakisadduct 16. (i) Methyl azidoacetate, 1-chloronaphthalene, 60 °C ...

Table I. Cyanation of l-Chloronaphthalene° Catalyzed by Nickel(0) Complexes in Ethanol6 at 60°C...

Cyanation Catalyzed by Nickel(O) Complexes. Results of cyanation of 1-chloronaphthalene with NaCN in ethanol using various nickel(O) complexes as catalysts are shown in Table I. 

Ethyltriethoxysilane (ETES). The critical surface tensions of the ETES films obtained on silica by retraction from 1% solutions in a-chloro-naphthalene are plotted in Figure 2A. The adsorption time—i.e., the abscissa—is the time the silica substrate was allowed to remain in contact with the adsorbate solution. Adsorption times longer than 20 hours did not produce any further decrease in yc and solutions containing 0.1% and 5% ETES gave values within 1 dyne/cm. of those in Figure 2A. Attempts to obtain ETES films from solution in isopropylbicyclohexyl were unsuccessful—the solutions did not retract from the test surfaces even after 20 hours adsorption time. Isopropylbicyclohexyl has a surface tension of 34.4 dynes/cm. so if the ETES adsorbed to form films having yc values of 33-35 dynes/cm., as it had from -chloronaphthalene, then the bicyclohexyl solution would not be expected to retract. 

The wettability of these films is adequately explained when they are viewed as more-or-less thick polymer networks into which solvent and other molecules are entangled. The high yc values obtained reflect both the random oriented polymer segments and the inclusion in the film of the relatively high surface tension solvent—i.e., a-chloronaphthalene (yLv = 42.9 dynes/cm.). However, the 0H2o values for these films are much higher than was to be expected from their yc values. This discrepancy is best illustrated by reference to the work of Shafrin and Zisman (13)... 

C10H7CI 1 -chloronaphthalene 90-13-1 9.440E-I-09 82.640 21151 C10H22 4,5-dimethyloctane 15869-96-2 1.523E-H10 109.160... 

For the analysis of VOCs, the most common column is a 75 m X 0.53 mm i.d. DB-624 fused silica capillary with 3 pm film thickness. A typical DB-624 permits detection from vinyl chloride (bp= 13.9°C and solubility = 2700 g/L) up to 2-chloronaphthalene (bp = 256°C), being therefore suitable to determine a wide range of compounds of different volatilities and polarities. For specific applications, e.g., control of trihalomethanes in drinking water, a short column of 30 m can be used, and the analysis time is, of course, reduced. 

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